From: Subject: =?Windows-1252?Q?M=3F_=D0=3Fu?= Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2009 21:52:04 +0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9A813.C7007230" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C9A813.C7007230 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: file://D:\BT\Alichson.htm =EF=BB=BF M=E1=BB=9F =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u

  

M=E1=BB=9F=20 =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u  

Kh=E1=BB=9Fi=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u b=C3=A0i vi=E1=BA=BFt n=C3=A0y, t=C3=B4i n=C3=AAu = l=C3=AAn c=C3=A2u h=E1=BB=8Fi m=C3=A0 h=E1=BA=A7u nh=C6=B0 m=E1=BB=8Di = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam c=C3=B2n y=C3=AAu n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 th=C6=B0=C6=A1ng n=C3=B2i =C4=91=E1=BB=81u t=E1=BB=B1 h=E1=BB=8Fi: = =E2=80=9CTi=E1=BA=BFng n=C3=B3i v=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam =C4=91=C3=A3 tr=E1=BA=A3i qua m=E1=BB=99t qu=C3=A1=20 tr=C3=ACnh chuy=E1=BB=83n bi=E1=BA=BFn th=E1=BA=BF = n=C3=A0o?=E2=80=9D =C4=90=E1=BB=83 kh=E1=BB=8Fi d=C3=B4ng d=C3=A0i = v=E1=BB=81 ngu=E1=BB=93n ng=E1=BB=8Dn nhi=E1=BB=81u th=E1=BB=A9 = ch=E1=BB=AF=20 vi=E1=BA=BFt cho gi=E1=BB=91ng n=C3=B2i ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t, = ta ch=E1=BB=89 n=C3=B3i n=C3=B4m na nh=C6=B0 nhi=E1=BB=81u sinh = vi=C3=AAn =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i h=E1=BB=8Dc=20 ng=C3=A0y nay hay nh=E1=BA=AFc =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn: Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF c=E1=BB=A7a ch=C3=BAng ta ng=C3=A0y nay=20 c=C3=B3 t=E1=BB=AB bao gi=E1=BB=9D?

=C4=90i=E1=BB=81u kh=C3=B4ng m=E1=BA=A5y ai=20 ng=E1=BB=9D, ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91=C3=B3 kh=C3=B4ng ph=E1=BA=A3i = l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t c=C3=A1 th=E1=BB=83 nh=C6=B0ng l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t = t=E1=BA=ADp th=E1=BB=83: nhi=E1=BB=81u ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 Nam =E1=BB=9F m=E1=BB=8Di mi=E1=BB=81n v=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 = nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o B=E1=BB=93, =C3=9D, T=C3=A2y, = Ph=C3=A1p, =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c, ... v=C3=A0 c=E1=BA=A3 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n. =C4=90=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t bi=E1=BA=BFn = c=E1=BB=91 v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a k=C3=A9o d=C3=A0i trong nhi=E1=BB=81u = th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 v=E1=BB=81 sau t=E1=BB=AB th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7=20 XVII =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn nay, Nh=C6=B0ng c=C3=B3 l=E1=BA=BD = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta ch=C3=BA =C3=BD nhi=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt Alexandre de Rhodes=20 m=C3=A0 trong ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t, ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta quen = g=E1=BB=8Di l=C3=A0 A-L=E1=BB=8Bch-S=C6=A1n =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc-L=E1=BB=99. = Ch=E1=BA=AFc ch=E1=BA=AFn =C3=B4ng kh=C3=B4ng=20 ph=E1=BA=A3i l=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=B3 kh=E1=BA=A3 n=C4=83ng = duy nh=E1=BA=A5t.

Vi=E1=BA=BFt v=E1=BB=81 m=E1=BB=99t con=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di n=E1=BB=95i ti=E1=BA=BFng, ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta = d=E1=BB=85 =C4=91=E1=BB=A5ng ch=E1=BA=A1m =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn nh=E1=BB=AFng = d=C6=B0 lu=E1=BA=ADn, quan =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m, l=E1=BA=ADp = tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng=20 ch=E1=BB=91ng =C4=91=E1=BB=91i nhau. Nh=C6=B0ng kh=C3=B4ng nh=E1=BA=A5t = thi=E1=BA=BFt c=E1=BB=A9 c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t =C3=BD ki=E1=BA=BFn l=C3=A0 = m=E1=BB=8Di ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ph=E1=BA=A3i theo=20 v=C3=AC =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t =E2=80=9Cch=C3=A2n = l=C3=BD=E2=80=9D. =C4=90i=E1=BB=81u quan tr=E1=BB=8Dng l=C3=A0 = m=E1=BB=99t quan =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m =E1=BA=A5y c=C3=B3 =C4=91=C3=BAng = v=C3=A0=20 h=E1=BB=A3p v=E1=BB=9Bi ph=C3=A1n =C4=91o=C3=A1n th=C3=B4ng = th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng c=E1=BB=A7a con ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =E1=BA=A5y = c=C3=B3 ngay t=C3=ACnh kh=C3=B4ng.=20

T=E1=BB=AB sau 30/4/1975,=20 d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng nh=C6=B0 d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi ch=E1=BA=BF = =C4=91=E1=BB=99 C=E1=BB=99ng s=E1=BA=A3n to=C3=A0n tr=E1=BB=8B = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di d=C3=A2n tr=C3=AAn c=E1=BA=A3 l=C3=A3nh th=E1=BB=95 = th=E1=BA=ADt nghi=E1=BB=87t=20 ng=C3=A3, c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=B1 ki=E1=BB=87n ngh=E1=BB=8Bch = l=C3=BD l=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta l=E1=BA=A1i tha h=E1=BB=93 = n=C3=AAu l=C3=AAn nh=E1=BB=AFng v=E1=BA=A5n =C4=91=E1=BA=BF chung=20 quanh Alexandre de Rhodes c=E1=BA=A3 =E1=BB=9F trong l=E1=BA=ABn = ngo=C3=A0i n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc. =C4=90i=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=C3=B3 = ch=E1=BB=A9ng t=E1=BB=8F, d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi x=C3=A3=20 h=E1=BB=99i to=C3=A0n tr=E1=BB=8B m=E1=BB=9Bi, h=E1=BB=85 = =C4=90=E1=BA=A3ng v=C3=A0 nh=C3=A0 n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc c=E1=BB=A7a = ch=E1=BA=BF =C4=91=E1=BB=99 m=E1=BB=9Bi mu=E1=BB=91n g=C3=AC, th=C3=AC = v=E1=BA=A5n =C4=91=E1=BB=81 =C4=91=C3=B3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c=20 kh=E1=BB=9Fi x=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng l=C3=AAn v=C3=A0 t=E1=BA=A1o = =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u ki=E1=BB=87n =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u t=C6=B0 nghi=C3=AAn = c=E1=BB=A9u t=E1=BA=ADp ch=C3=BA v=C3=A0o nh=C6=B0 m=E1=BB=99t = chi=E1=BA=BFn d=E1=BB=8Bch=20 ph=C3=AA ph=C3=A1n.

Ch=E1=BA=B3ng h=E1=BA=A1n chi=E1=BA=BFn=20 d=E1=BB=8Bch =C4=90=E1=BA=A3ng v=C3=A0 nh=C3=A0 n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc = C=E1=BB=99ng S=E1=BA=A3n Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam r=E1=BA=A7m r=E1=BB=99 = ph=C3=AA ph=C3=A1n v=C3=A0 t=E1=BA=A9y chay vi=E1=BB=87c Gi=C3=A1o=20 H=E1=BB=99i Trung =C6=AF=C6=A1ng t=C3=B4n phong 117 v=E1=BB=8B = t=E1=BB=AD =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o v=C3=A0o ng=C3=A0y 19 th=C3=A1ng 6 n=C4=83m = 1988 t =E1=BA=A1i Th=C3=A1nh=20 =C4=90=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng Th=C3=A1nh Ph=C3=AAr=C3=B4 t=E1=BA=A1i Vatican. = C=C3=A1c v=E1=BB=8B =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t = Nam hay ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ngo=E1=BA=A1i qu=E1=BB=91c=20 t=E1=BB=ABng l=C3=A0m vi=E1=BB=87c v=C3=A0 sinh s=E1=BB=91ng =E1=BB=9F = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam. Hay c=C3=A1c chi=E1=BA=BFn d=E1=BB=8Bch ph=C3=AA = ph=C3=A1n l=E1=BA=A1i Tr=C6=B0=C6=A1ng=20 V=C4=A9nh K=C3=BD (1837-1898), Phan Thanh Gi=E1=BA=A3n (1796-1867), = L=C3=AA V=C4=83n Duy=E1=BB=87t (1764-1832), Phan=20 V=C4=83n Tr=E1=BB=8B (1830-1910) hay Tr=E1=BA=A7n L=E1=BB=A5c = (1825-1899), =E2=80=A6 . M=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=91=C3=A2y c=C3=B3 phong = tr=C3=A0o =C4=91=C3=A1nh gi=C3=A1=20 l=E1=BA=A1i vai tr=C3=B2 c=E1=BB=A7a Nh=C3=A0 Nguy=E1=BB=85n (1802-1945) = trong l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam t=E1=BA=A1i Thanh = H=C3=B3a. Hay=20 k=E1=BB=B7 ni=E1=BB=87m 100 n=C4=83m th=C3=A0nh l=E1=BA=ADp Vi=E1=BB=87n = =C4=90=E1=BA=A1i H=E1=BB=8Dc =C4=90=C3=B4ng D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng (1906- 2006) = t=E1=BA=A1i H=C3=A0=20 N=E1=BB=99i.

=C4=90i=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A0m cho b=E1=BA=A5t=20 c=E1=BB=A9 nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u n=C3=A0o c=C5=A9ng = ph=E1=BA=A3i li=C3=AAn t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng h=E1=BB=A3p c=E1=BB=A7a linh m=E1=BB=A5c = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99.=20 H=C3=A0ng lo=E1=BA=A1t nh=E1=BB=AFng (kh=E1=BB=8Fng h=C6=A1n m=E1=BB=99t = ch=E1=BB=A5c b=C3=A0i) b=E1=BA=A3i vi=E1=BA=BFt v=E1=BB=81 = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c bi=C3=AAn = so=E1=BA=A1n ra t=E1=BB=AB=20 nhi=E1=BB=81u t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 trong n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc c=C5=A9ng = nh=C6=B0 h=E1=BA=A3i ngo=E1=BA=A1i.

Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83=20 ph=C3=A2n lo=E1=BA=A1i ba xu h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng quan =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m = th=E1=BB=83 hi=E1=BB=87n trong nh=E1=BB=AFng b=C3=A0i nghi=C3=AAn = c=E1=BB=A9u=20 =C4=91=C3=B3:

1. = Xu h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng=20 ch=E1=BB=91ng =C4=91=E1=BB=91i, th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng xu=E1=BA=A5t = hi=E1=BB=87n d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi ch=E1=BA=BF =C4=91=E1=BB=99 C=E1=BB=99ng = s=E1=BA=A3n, n=C3=AAu l=C3=AAn vai tr=C3=B2, c=C3=A2u ch=E1=BB=AF=20 m=C3=A0 nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u cho l=C3=A0 m=C3=B9 m=E1=BB=9D = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 =C4=91i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn k=E1=BA=BFt lu=E1=BA=ADn = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 v=C3=A0 c=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n = gi=C3=A1o=20 sau =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 man tr=C3=A1, l=C3=A0m nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n = gi=C3=A1o n=E1=BA=BFu kh=C3=B4ng ch=E1=BB=A7 =C3=BD, th=C3=AC v=C3=B4 = t=C3=ACnh d=E1=BB=8Dn =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng=20 cho ch=E1=BB=A7 ngh=C4=A9a th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n Ph=C3=A1p sau n=C3=A0y. = T=E1=BB=AB =C4=91=C3=B3 cho r=E1=BA=B1ng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=C3=ADn = =C4=91=E1=BB=93 C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o ti=E1=BA=BFp=20 tay cho ch=E1=BB=A7 ngh=C4=A9a th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n. Nh=C6=B0ng = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta kh=C3=B4ng n=C3=AAu ra v=E1=BA=A5n =C4=91=E1=BB=81 = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di nh=C3=A0 n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc v=C3=A0=20 tri=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=C3=ACnh x=C6=B0a kia =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=E1=BA=A9y = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o v=C3=A0o ch =C3=A2n = t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng - nh=E1=BB=AFng ho=C3=A0n c=E1=BA=A3nh=20 nghi=E1=BB=87t ng=C3=A3 - =C4=91=E1=BB=83 k=E1=BA=BFt lu=E1=BA=ADn = m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di l=C3=A0 l=C3=A0m tay sai cho = th=E1=BB=B1c=20 d=C3=A2n. 

2. = Xu h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng b=C3=AAnh=20 v=E1=BB=B1c. Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di vi=E1=BA=BFt mu=E1=BB=91n n=C3=AAu = l=C3=AAn vai tr=C3=B2 l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD t=C3=ADch c=E1=BB=B1c = c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 c=E1=BA=A3 trong=20 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o v=C3=A0 s=C3=A1ng l=E1=BA=ADp ch=E1=BB=AF = qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF v=C3=A0 =C4=91=C3=A1ng g=C3=B3p nhi=E1=BB=81u = ki=E1=BA=BFn th=E1=BB=A9c th=E1=BA=A7n h=E1=BB=8Dc, khoa=20 h=E1=BB=8Dc, d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c h=E1=BB=8Dc, l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba l=C3=BD v=C3=A0 s=E1=BB=B1 ki=E1=BB=87n c=C3=B9ng = nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD. Nh=E1=BB=AFng = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 c=C3=B3 xu h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng n=C3=A0y xu=E1=BA=A5t hi=E1=BB=87n = nhi=E1=BB=81u trong th=E1=BB=9Di ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Ph=C3=A1p c=C3=B2n = =C4=91ang n=E1=BA=AFm quy=E1=BB=81n =E1=BB=9F =C4=90=C3=B4ng=20 D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng. 

3. = Xu h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng=20 m=E1=BB=87nh danh khoa = h=E1=BB=8Dc, thi=C3=AAn v=E1=BB=81 ch=E1=BB=91ng=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=91i. = D=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng nh=C6=B0 v=C3=A0o cu=E1=BB=99c tranh =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u = v=C4=83n=20 h=C3=B3a n=C3=A0y, c=C3=B3 c=E1=BA=A3 m=E1=BB=99t linh m=E1=BB=A5c = C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o, LM Roland=20 Jacques t=E1=BB=AB Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng =C4=90=E1=BA=A1i H=E1=BB=8Dc St = Paul =E1=BB=9F Canada v=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 h=E1=BB=8Dc = gi=E1=BA=A3 Trung T=C3=A2m Nguy=E1=BB=85n=20 Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng T=E1=BB=99 =E1=BB=9F Strasbourg, Ph=C3=A1p. = Theo quan =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u =C4=91=C3=B3, = nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn=20 c=E1=BB=A9u mu=E1=BB=91n n=C3=AAu l=C3=AAn vai tr=C3=B2 ti=C3=AAn phong = trong vi=E1=BB=87c h=C3=ACnh th=C3=A0nh ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF c=E1=BB=A7a nhi=E1=BB=81u=20 nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o ti=C3=AAn phong qu=E1=BB=91c = t=E1=BB=8Bch n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc kh=C3=A1c nh=C6=B0 B=E1=BB=93, =C3=9D, = T=C3=A2y, =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c.=20

Kh=C3=B4ng h=E1=BA=B3n l=C3=A0 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99=20 c=C3=B3 c=C3=B4ng =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u v=C3=A0 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = =C4=91=E1=BB=81 cao nh=C6=B0 nhi=E1=BB=81u nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn = c=E1=BB=A9u =C4=91=C3=A3 l=C3=A0m. H=C3=A0m =C3=BD cho r=E1=BA=B1ng = =C3=B4ng=20 l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Ph=C3=A1p n=C3=AAn = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Ph=C3=A1p nh=E1=BA=A5n m=E1=BA=A1nh =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn. = C=C3=B3 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=B2n=20 =C4=91i xa h=C6=A1n ph=E1=BB=A7 nh=E1=BA=ADn t=C3=ADnh x=C3=A1c = th=E1=BB=B1c c=E1=BB=A7a nh=E1=BB=AFng c=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh bi=C3=AAn = so=E1=BA=A1n c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99.=20

Th=E1=BB=B1c s=E1=BB=B1 vai tr=C3=B2 c=E1=BB=A7a=20 Alexandre de Rhodes qu=C3=A1 hi=E1=BB=83n nhi=C3=AAn v=C3=A0 t=C3=ADch = c=E1=BB=B1c kh=C3=B3 ai c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 ph=E1=BB=A7 nh=E1=BA=ADn = k=E1=BB=83 c=E1=BA=A3=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u C=E1=BB=99ng s=E1=BA=A3n. = Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 = =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t ra bi=E1=BA=BFt b=C3=A0o gi=E1=BA=A3=20 thuy=E1=BA=BFt nh=C6=B0ng nh=E1=BB=AFng gi=E1=BA=A3 thuy=E1=BA=BFt = =C4=91=C3=B3 c=C3=B3 =C4=91=E1=BB=A9ng v=E1=BB=AFng kh=C3=B4ng, hay = ch=E1=BB=89 l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t h=C3=A0nh vi ch=E1=BB=A5p=20 m=C5=A9 sai l=E1=BA=A7m hay n=E1=BA=BFu c=C3=B3 =C3=A1c =C3=BD = xuy=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=A1c v=C3=B4 tr=C3=A1ch nhi=E1=BB=87m v=C3=A0 c=C4=83n = c=E1=BB=A9 ch=C3=ADnh =C4=91=C3=A1ng x=C3=A1c=20 th=E1=BB=B1c

Ch=E1=BB=A9ng c=E1=BB=9B n=C3=AAu ra=20 nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 =C4=91=E1=BB=91i v=E1=BB=9Bi m=E1=BB=99t con = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=B3 qu=C3=A1 tr=C3=ACnh l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD = l=C3=A2u d=C3=A0i, =C4=91=E1=BB=81u c=C3=B3 nhi=E1=BB=81u = =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u=20 kh=C3=B4ng hi=E1=BB=83n nhi=C3=AAn =C4=91=E1=BB=91i v=E1=BB=9B=C3=AC = qu=E1=BA=A7n ch=C3=BAng =C4=91=E1=BB=99c gi=E1=BA=A3 c=C5=A9ng nh=C6=B0 = nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u. V=E1=BA=A3 l=E1=BA=A1i=20 ch=E1=BB=A9ng c=E1=BB=9B nhi=E1=BB=81u khi l=C3=A0 ng=E1=BB=A5y = t=E1=BA=A1o hay kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7y =C4=91=E1=BB=A7 = v=E1=BB=81 m=E1=BB=99t nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt hay s=E1=BB=B1 = ki=E1=BB=87n,=20 nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 c=C3=B3 ch=E1=BB=8Bu =E1=BA=A3nh h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng = chuy=E1=BB=83n bi=E1=BA=BFn quan =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m d=E1=BB=B1a tr=C3=AAn = th=E1=BB=9Di cu=E1=BB=99c hi=E1=BB=87n nay=20 kh=C3=B4ng

I. Alexandre de Rhodes l=C3=A0 = ai? 

C=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 t=E1=BB=95ng h=E1=BB=A3p b=C3=A0i=20 vi=E1=BA=BFt t=E1=BB=AB nhi=E1=BB=81u ngu=E1=BB=93n t=C3=A0i = li=E1=BB=87u kh=C3=A1c nhau tr=C3=ACnh b=C3=A0y v=E1=BB=81 nh=C3=A2n = v=E1=BA=ADt=20 n=C3=A0y.

Alexandre=20 de Rhodes (A-L=E1=BB=8Bch-S=C6=A1n =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc-L=E1=BB=99) (15 = th=C3=A1ng 3 n=C4=83m 1593[2] =E2=80=93 5 = th=C3=A1ng 11 n=C4=83m 1660)=20 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc nh=E1=BA=A5t = l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n = gi=C3=A1o d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 Avignon, mi=E1=BB=81n Nam = n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc Ph=C3=A1p. =C3=94ng l=C3=A0=20 m=E1=BB=99t nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt =C4=91a n=C4=83ng nh=C6=B0 s=E1=BB=AD = h=E1=BB=8Dc, d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c h=E1=BB=8Dc, th=E1=BA=A7n = h=E1=BB=8Dc v=C3=A0 ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF h=E1=BB=8Dc. = =C3=94ng =C4=91=C3=A3 g=C3=B3p ph=E1=BA=A7n quan tr=E1=BB=8Dng v=C3=A0o = vi=E1=BB=87c=20 hi=E1=BB=83u bi=E1=BA=BFt = nhi=E1=BB=81u m=E1=BA=B7t v=E1=BB=81 l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD  = =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t=20 n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc, v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a v=C3=A0  qu=C3=A1  = tr=C3=ACnh h=C3=ACnh th=C3=A0nh ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam hi=E1=BB=87n =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i b=E1=BA=B1ng = m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 La=20 tinh

1. V=C3=A0i H=C3=A0ng=20 Ti=E1=BB=83u=20 S=E1=BB=AD

Nh=C6=B0 =C4=91=C3=A3 n=C3=B3i, c=E1=BA=ADu=20 Alexandre ch=C3=A0o =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di t=E1=BA=A1i = Avignon, mi=E1=BB=81n nam n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 Ph=C3=A1p[3]. Theo = m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 s=E1=BB=AD li=E1=BB=87u,=20 Alexandre de Rhodes (=C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99), sinh n=C4=83m = 1593 nh=C6=B0ng=20 c=C3=B3 t=C3=A0i = li=E1=BB=87u kh=C3=A1c ghi c=E1=BA=ADu=20 sinh n=C4=83m = 1591[4].=C3=94ng gia nh=E1=BA=ADp d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn = t=E1=BA=A1i Roma ng=C3=A0y 24 th=C3=A1ng 4 n=C4=83m 1612,=20 trong l=C3=BAc cu=E1=BB=99c truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o cho = c=C3=A1c d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c =C4=91ang ti=E1=BA=BFn tri=E1=BB=83n.=20 Tuy nhi=C3=AAn, c=C3=B9ng v=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=91=C3=A0 ti=E1=BA=BFn = n=C3=A0y, Gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o c=C5=A9ng = =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng th=E1=BB=9Di v=C3=B4 = h=C3=ACnh chung =C4=91=C3=A3 t=E1=BA=A1o m=C3=B4i tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng = v=C3=A0 l=C3=BD do ph=C3=A1t=20 sinh s=E1=BB=A9c = =C4=91=E1=BB=81 kh=C3=A1ng v=C5=A9 b=C3=A3o c=E1=BB=A7a ch=C3=ADnh=20 quy=E1=BB=81n c=C3=A1c d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c rao = gi=E1=BA=A3ng Tin M=E1=BB=ABng. V=C3=AC th=E1=BA=BF, ngo=C3=A0i nhi=E1=BB=87t=20 t=C3=A2m truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o, t=C3=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=93 C=C3=B4ng Gi=C3=A1o=20 c=C3=B2n tin s=E1=BB=91ng =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o, = =C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc mu=E1=BB=91n =C4=91=E1=BB=95 = m=C3=A1u =C4=91=C3=A0o minh ch=E1=BB=A9ng l=C3=B2ng tin v=C3=A0o Ch=C3=BAa Gi=C3=AAsu Kit=C3=B4 nh=C6=B0=20 c=C3=A1c t=C3=B4ng =C4=91=E1=BB=93 ban =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u v=C3=A0 = c=C3=A1c=20 nh=C3=A0 th=E1=BB=ABa sai tin s=E1=BB=91ng=20 v=C3=A0  truy=E1=BB=81n gi=E1=BA=A3ng tr=E1=BA=A3i qua c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=9Di = k=E1=BB=B3 trong l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD.

V=E1=BA=ADy c=E1=BB=A9 t=E1=BA=A1m cho l=C3=A0=20 gia =C4=91=C3=ACnh = =C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 ngu=E1=BB=91n=20 g=E1=BB=91c Do Th=C3=A1i =E1=BB=9F th=C3=A0nh ph=E1=BB=91 Rhodes = (b=C3=A1n =C4=91=E1=BA=A3o Iberia, ph=C3=ADa c=E1=BB=B1c =C4=91=C3=B4ng nam = b=C3=A1n =C4=91=E1=BA=A3o T=C3=A2y Ban Nha), t=E1=BB=95 ti=C3=AAn sang = t=E1=BB=8B n=E1=BA=A1n d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi uy quy=E1=BB=81n=20 Gi=C3=A1o Ho=C3=A0ng, v=C3=AC th=E1=BB=9Di =E1=BA=A5y Avignon = l=C3=A0 =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BB=A7a Gi=C3=A1o Ho=C3=A0ng, n=C3=AAn = =C3=B4ng=20 c=C3=B3 t=C3=AAn Alexandre de Rhodes (A L=E1=BB=8Bch = S=C6=A1n =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99). Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 Nam =C4=91=C6=B0=C6=A1ng = th=E1=BB=9Di th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng g=E1=BB=8Di Alexandre de Rhodes l=C3=A0 = Gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99. 

2. C=C3=B4ng Cu=E1=BB=99c = Truy=E1=BB=81n=20 Gi=C3=A1o B=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc = =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u T=E1=BA=A1i Trung=20 Hoa 

a. = Trong b=E1=BB=91i c=E1=BA=A3nh = =E1=BA=A5y,=20 Alexandre de Rhodes =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c linh m=E1=BB=A5c B=E1=BB=81 tr=C3=AAn=20 C=E1=BA=A3 Vitelleschi ch=C3=ADnh th=E1=BB=A9c sai =C4=91i=20 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o =E1=BB=9F Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n. = Ng=C3=A0y 4 th=C3=A1ng 4/1619, =C3=B4ng=20 m=E1=BA=A1nh d=E1=BA=A1n ra = =C4=91i v=C3=A0o tu=E1=BB=95i 26, v=E1=BB=9Bi = h=C3=A0nh trang ki=E1=BA=BFn th=E1=BB=A9c s=C3=A2u = r=E1=BB=99ng v=E1=BB=81 th=E1=BA=A7n h=E1=BB=8Dc, thi=C3=AAn v=C4=83n h=E1=BB=8Dc v=C3=A0 = to=C3=A1n h=E1=BB=8Dc. Alexandre nhi=E1=BB=87t th=C3=A0nh, c=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng tr=C3=A1ng, vui v=E1=BA=BB = v=C3=A0 l=E1=BA=A1c quan, =C4=91=E1=BA=A5y s=E1=BB=A9c s=E1=BB=91ng v=C3=A0 = ni=E1=BB=81m tin, lu=C3=B4n nh=C3=ACn kh=C3=ADa c=E1=BA=A1nh = t=C3=ADch c=E1=BB=B1c c=E1=BB=A7a v=E1=BA=A5n =C4=91=E1=BB=81. =C3=94ng=20 nh=E1=BA=ADn th=E1=BB=A9c = nh=E1=BA=A1y b=C3=A9n v=C3=A0 th=C3=ADch nghi nhanh ch=C3=B3ng v=E1=BB=9Bi = m=E1=BB=8Di m=C3=B4i tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng v=C3=A0  =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u ki=E1=BB=87n = s=E1=BB=91ng v=C3=A0 c=C6=B0 x=E1=BB=AD giao = t=E1=BA=BF gi=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8B  v=E1=BB=9Bi m=E1=BB=8Di ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di.

b. = =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u ti=C3=AAn, = Alexandre de Rhodes c=E1=BA=ADp b=E1=BA=BFn t=E1=BA=A1i=20 Goa =E1=BB=9F = =C4=90=C3=B4ng =E1=BA=A4n =C4=90=E1=BB=99, ch=E1=BB=9D c=C6=A1 h=E1=BB=99i = thu=E1=BA=ADn ti=E1=BB=87n =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t ch=C3=A2n l=C3=AAn = Nagasaki, =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n. = Nh=C6=B0ng=20 v=C3=AC t=C3=ACnh = h=C3=ACnh Kit=C3=B4 Gi=C3=A1o=20 =C4=91ang b=E1=BB=8B b=C3=A1ch h=E1=BA=A1i kh=E1=BB=91c=20 li=E1=BB=87t = t=E1=BA=A1i =C4=91=C3=A2y, th=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=A1c T=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng = qu=C3=A2n Phong Th=E1=BA=A7n T=C3=BA C=C3=A1t kh=E1=BB=9Fi = =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u t=E1=BB=AB=20 1587, r=E1=BB=93i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn T=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng qu=C3=A2n = =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c Xuy=C3=AAn T=C3=BA Trung n=C4=83m 1614, c=C3=A1c B=E1=BB=81 Tr=C3=AAn ph=E1=BA=A3i=20 chuy=E1=BB=83n h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng, sai =C3=B4ng =C4=91i = Trung Qu=E1=BB=91c[5]. =

c. = =C3=94ng l=C3=AAn t=C3=A0u =C4=91i = Ma Cao, =E1=BB=9F =C4=91=C3=B3 =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 s=E1=BA=B5n m=E1=BB=99t tr=E1=BB=A5 = s=E1=BB=9F truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o ti=E1=BB=81n tr=E1=BA=A1m, v=C3=A0 = =C3=B4ng =C4=91=C3=A3 ghi = l=E1=BA=A1i nh=E1=BB=AFng nh=E1=BA=ADn x=C3=A9t b=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u = v=E1=BB=81=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Trung Hoa:

"Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 Trung Hoa r=E1=BA=A5t ng=E1=BA=A1c nhi=C3=AAn khi th=E1=BA=A5y = b=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=E1=BB=93 ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i v=E1=BA=BD. Trung = Qu=E1=BB=91c v=C4=A9 =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i c=E1=BB=A7a=20 h=E1=BB=8D ch=E1=BB=89 c=C3=B2n l=C3=A0 ch=E1=BA=A5m nh=E1=BB=8F trong = v=C5=A9 tr=E1=BB=A5 Tr=C3=A1i =C4=90=E1=BA=A5t bao la. Tr=C3=A1i l=E1=BA=A1i, n=C6=A1i b=E1=BA=A3n = =C4=91=E1=BB=93 tr=C3=A1i =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t h=C3=ACnh vu=C3=B4ng do = h=E1=BB=8D v=E1=BA=BD,=20 Trung Qu=E1=BB=91c n=E1=BA=B1m ch=C3=ADnh gi=E1=BB=AFa, =C4=91=C3=BAng = nh=C6=B0 t=C3=AAn g=E1=BB=8Di (Trung Qu=E1=BB=91c- n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc = =E1=BB=9F gi=E1=BB=AFa). Sau =C4=91=C3=B3,=20 h=E1=BB=8D v=E1=BA=BD bi=E1=BB=83n n=E1=BA=B1m b=C3=AAn = d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi Trung Qu=E1=BB=91c, trong =C4=91=C3=B3 r=E1=BA=A3i = r=C3=A1c m=E1=BA=A5y =C4=91=E1=BA=A3o nh=E1=BB=8F, v=C3=A0 h=E1=BB=8D = =C4=91=E1=BB=81 t=C3=AAn:=20 Ch=C3=A2u =C3=82u, Ch=C3=A2u Phi v=C3=A0 Nh=E1=BA=ADt = B=E1=BA=A3n..."[6] 

=C3=94ng c=C3=B2n=20 ghi l=E1=BA=A1i:

"Ch=C3=BAng=20 ta quen t=E1=BB=8F ra qu=C3=BD chu=E1=BB=99ng = nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ngo=E1=BA=A1i gi=C3=A1o. Nh=C6=B0ng khi = h=E1=BB=8D=20 tr=E1=BB=9F th=C3=A0nh Kit=C3=B4h=E1=BB=AFu, ch=C3=BAng ta kh=C3=B4ng ch=C3=BA=20 =C3=BD m=E1=BA=A5y = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn h=E1=BB=8D n=E1=BB=AFa. Th=E1=BA=ADm ch=C3=AD c=C3=B2n = b=E1=BA=AFt=20 c=C3=A1c ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di theo =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o ph=E1=BA=A3i = t=E1=BB=AB b=E1=BB=8F y ph=E1=BB=A5c = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba=20 ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng. Ch=C3=BAng ta =C4=91=C3=A2u bi=E1=BA=BFt r=E1=BA=B1ng, = =C4=91=C3=A2y l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t =C4=91=C3=B2i bu=E1=BB=99c qu=C3=A1 = kh=E1=BA=AFt khe, m=C3=A0 ngay c=E1=BA=A3=20 Thi=C3=AAn Ch=C3=BAa, Ng=C3=A0i c=C5=A9ng kh=C3=B4ng =C4=91=C3=B2i = nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BA=BF. Ch=C3=BAng ta ng=C4=83n c=E1=BA=A3n = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ngo=E1=BA=A1i gi=C3=A1o,=20 kh=C3=B4ng cho h=E1=BB=8D c=C6=A1 h=E1=BB=99i d=E1=BB=85 d=C3=A0ng gia = nh=E1=BA=ADp Gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o. =

Ri=C3=AAng=20 t=C3=B4i, t=C3=B4i c=E1=BB=B1c l=E1=BB=B1c ph=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=E1=BB=91i = nh=E1=BB=AFng ai mu=E1=BB=91n b=E1=BA=AFt bu=E1=BB=99c = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 =C4=91=C3=A0n = =C3=B4ng Trung Hoa, khi theo =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o, = ph=E1=BA=A3i c=E1=BA=AFt b=E1=BB=8F m=C3=A1i t=C3=B3c d=C3=A0i h=E1=BB=8D v=E1=BA=ABn = =C4=91=E1=BB=83, y nh=C6=B0 c=C3=A1c ph=E1=BB=A5 n=E1=BB=AF trong=20 x=E1=BB=A9. = L=C3=A0m v=E1=BA=ADy, ch=C3=BAng ta=20 g=C3=A2y th=C3=AAm kh=C3=B3 kh=C4=83n cho c=C3=A1c nam t=C3=ADn = h=E1=BB=AFu Trung Hoa, m=E1=BB=99t khi theo C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o, = kh=C3=B4ng=20 c=C3=B2n t=E1=BB=B1 do =C4=91i l=E1=BA=A1i trong x=E1=BB=A9, = ho=E1=BA=B7c t=C3=ACm =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c d=E1=BB=85 d=C3=A0ng = c=C3=B4ng =C4=83n vi=E1=BB=87c l=C3=A0m. Ph=E1=BA=A7n t=C3=B4i, t=C3=B4i = xin gi=E1=BA=A3i th=C3=ADch r=E1=BA=B1ng, =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u ki=E1=BB=87n = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 tr=E1=BB=9F th=C3=A0nh Kit=C3=B4 h=E1=BB=AFu l=C3=A0 = ph=E1=BA=A3i t=E1=BB=AB b=E1=BB=8F l=E1=BA=A7m l=E1=BA=A1c, ch=E1=BB=A9=20 kh=C3=B4ng ph=E1=BA=A3i c=E1=BA=AFt b=E1=BB=8F t=C3=B3c = d=C3=A0i..."[7] 

=C4=90=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng l=E1=BB=91i truy=E1=BB=81n=20 gi=C3=A1o c=E1=BB=A7a Alexandre de Rhodes c=C5=A9ng nh=C6=B0 c=E1=BB=A7a = c=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn kh=C3=B4ng = c=C3=B3=20 g=C3=AC l=C3=A0 kh=C3=A1c l=E1=BA=A1 v=E1=BB=9Bi truy=E1=BB=81n = th=E1=BB=91ng Phaol=C3=B4: Tr=E1=BB=9F n=C3=AAn m=E1=BB=8Di s=E1=BB=B1 = v=E1=BB=9Bi h=E1=BA=BFt m=E1=BB=8Di ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di omnia=20 omnibus factus sum (I Cor. 9:23) [22 T=C3=B4i =C4=91=C3=A3 tr=E1=BB=9F=20 n=C3=AAn y=E1=BA=BFu v=E1=BB=9Bi nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = y=E1=BA=BFu, =C4=91=E1=BB=83 chinh ph=E1=BB=A5c nh=E1=BB=AFng = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di y=E1=BA=BFu. T=C3=B4i =C4=91=C3=A3 tr=E1=BB=9F = n=C3=AAn=20 t=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BA=A3 cho m=E1=BB=8Di ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di, = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 b=E1=BA=B1ng m=E1=BB=8Di c=C3=A1ch c=E1=BB=A9u = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di]. Theo Kinh Th=C3=A1nh C=C3=B4ng Gi=C3=A1o I = Cor.9: 22 http://www.dunglac.o= rg/kinhthanh/tanuoc.htm

Ng=C3=A0y nay ch=C3=BAng ta=20 quen g=E1=BB=8Di l=C3=A0 h=E1=BB=99i nh=E1=BA=ADp v=C4=83n = h=C3=B3a.

=C4=90=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng l=E1=BB=91i m=C3=A0=20 Linh m=E1=BB=A5c =C4=90=E1=BB=97 Quang Ch=C3=ADnh SJ =C4=91=C3=A3 = nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u v=C3=A0 c=C3=B4ng b=E1=BB=91 trong Lu=E1=BA=ADn = V=C4=83n v=E1=BB=81=20 Alexandre de Rhodes tr=C3=ACnh t=E1=BA=A1i =C4=90=E1=BA=A1i H=E1=BB=8Dc = Paris, Sorbonne. Sau n=C3=A0y, n=C4=83m 1996, Linh=20 m=E1=BB=A5c Phan =C4=90=C3=ACnh Cho =C4=91=C3=A3 khai = tri=E1=BB=83n trong ti=E1=BB=83u lu=E1=BA=ADn v=E1=BB=81 vi=E1=BB=87c = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o v=C3=A0=20 gi=C3=A1o l=C3=BD c=E1=BB=A7a linh m=E1=BB=A5c Alexandre de Rhodes. =

Ch=C3=ADnh =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng l=E1=BB=91i h=E1=BB=99i=20 nh=E1=BA=ADp v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a s=C3=A1ng su=E1=BB=91t m=E1=BA=A1nh = d=E1=BA=A1n n=C3=A0y l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t trong nh=E1=BB=AFng nguy=C3=AAn = nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BB=81 sau =C4=91=C6=B0a=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn bi=E1=BA=BFn c=E1=BB=91 D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn b=E1=BB=8B = c=E1=BA=A5m ho=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng trong n=C4=83m 1773 = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn 1814.=20 [8]

3. Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o = V=C3=A0o Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 Nam

 

M=E1=BB=99t trang s=C3=A1ch Gi=C3=A1o=20 l=C3=BD (Cathechismus = pro iis qui=20 volunt suscipere Baptismum = in octo=20 dies divisus , Rome,1651). =  S=C3=A1ch=20 song ng=E1=BB=AF, hai c=E1=BB=99t, m=E1=BB=99t c=E1=BB=99t La = ng=E1=BB=AF (b=C3=AAn tr=C3=A1i), m=E1=BB=99t c=E1=BB=99t=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t ng=E1=BB=AF  - Qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF - = (b=C3=AAn = ph=E1=BA=A3i), t=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BA=A3 g=E1=BB=93m 319 = trang. S=C3=A1ch do B=E1=BB=99 Truy=E1=BB=81n B=C3=A1 =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c = Tin =E1=BA=A5n=20 h=C3=A0nh t=E1=BA=A1i nh=C3=A0 in ri=C3=AAng c=E1=BB=A7a b=E1=BB=99 = v=C3=A0 do t=C3=A0i tr=E1=BB=A3 c=E1=BB=A7a b=E1=BB=99 = n=C3=A0y.

Trong l=C3=BAc =E1=BB=9F=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, =C3=B4ng vi=E1=BA=BFt cu=E1=BB=91n Gi=C3=A1o = L=C3=BD Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u ti=C3=AAn v=C3=A0 =C3=B4ng = xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n T=E1=BB=B1=20 =C4=90i=E1=BB=83n B=E1=BB=93 La Vi=E1=BB=87t. T=E1=BB=B1 = =C4=90i=E1=BB=83n n=C3=A0y =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c nhi=E1=BB=81u = h=E1=BB=8Dc gi=E1=BA=A3 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam x=E1=BB=AD d=E1=BB=A5ng = r=E1=BB=99ng r=C3=A3i v=E1=BB=81=20 sau =C4=91=E1=BB=83 t=E1=BA=A1o n=C3=AAn h=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng = ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam m=E1=BB=9Bi , x=E1=BB=AD = d=E1=BB=A5ng nhi=E1=BB=81u c=C3=A1c m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 la tinh=20 (R=C3=B4ma)  - nh=C6=B0 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c x=E1=BB=AD = d=E1=BB=A5ng hi=E1=BB=87n nay =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c c=E1=BA=A3i = ti=E1=BA=BFn - g=E1=BB=8Di l=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF = .=20 Trong t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng thu=E1=BA=ADt c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh, = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 cho bi=E1=BA=BFt =C3=B4ng =C4=91=C3=A3 = c=E1=BA=A3i =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o h=C6=A1n 6.000 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = Vi=E1=BB=87t,=20 h=E1=BA=A7u nh=C6=B0 ch=E1=BA=AFc ch=E1=BA=AFn m=E1=BB=99t con = s=E1=BB=91 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ph=C3=B3ng =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i, tuy = nhi=C3=AAn =C3=B4ng =C4=91=C3=A3 kh=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A0nh = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=E1=BA=A3i =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o = n=C3=A0y

a. =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u n=C4=83m=20 1625, Alexandre c=C3=B9ng v=E1=BB=9Bi b=E1=BB=91n linh=20 m=E1=BB=A5c d=C3=B2ng = T=C3=AAn kh=C3=A1c v=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t t=C3=ADn h=E1=BB=AFu=20 Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n, c=E1=BA=ADp b=E1=BA=BFn H=E1=BB=99i An, = g=E1=BA=A7n =C4=90=C3=A0 N=E1=BA=B5ng. =C3=94ng b=E1=BA=AFt = =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u h=E1=BB=8Dc ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t v=C3=A0 = ch=E1=BB=8Dn t=C3=AAn=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t l=C3=A0 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc-L=E1=BB=99. Th=E1=BA=A7y = d=E1=BA=A1y ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t cho =C3=B4ng l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t = c=E1=BA=ADu b=C3=A9 kho=E1=BA=A3ng 10, 12=20 tu=E1=BB=95i. =C3=94ng vi=E1=BA=BFt:

Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di gi=C3=BAp t=C3=B4i=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=AFc l=E1=BB=B1c l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t c=E1=BA=ADu b=C3=A9 = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di x=E1=BB=A9 n=C3=A0y. Trong ba tu=E1=BA=A7n l=E1=BB=85 = =C4=91=C3=A3 d=E1=BA=A1y t=C3=B4i c=C3=A1c d=E1=BA=A5u kh=C3=A1c=20 nhau v=C3=A0 c=C3=A1ch =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc h=E1=BA=BFt c=C3=A1c = ti=E1=BA=BFng. C=E1=BA=ADu kh=C3=B4ng hi=E1=BB=83u ti=E1=BA=BFng = t=C3=B4i m=C3=A0 t=C3=B4i th=C3=AC ch=C6=B0a bi=E1=BA=BFt=20 ti=E1=BA=BFng c=E1=BA=ADu, th=E1=BA=BF nh=C6=B0ng, c=E1=BA=ADu c=C3=B3 = tr=C3=AD th=C3=B4ng minh bi=E1=BA=BFt nh=E1=BB=AFng =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u = t=C3=B4i mu=E1=BB=91n n=C3=B3i. V=C3=A0=20 th=E1=BB=B1c th=E1=BA=BF, c=C5=A9ng trong ba tu=E1=BA=A7n l=E1=BB=85, = c=E1=BA=ADu h=E1=BB=8Dc c=C3=A1c ch=E1=BB=AF c=E1=BB=A7a ch=C3=BAng ta, = h=E1=BB=8Dc vi=E1=BA=BFt v=C3=A0 h=E1=BB=8Dc=20 gi=C3=BAp l=E1=BB=85 n=E1=BB=AFa. T=C3=B4i s=E1=BB=ADng s=E1=BB=91t = th=E1=BA=A5y tr=C3=AD th=C3=B4ng minh c=E1=BB=A7a c=E1=BA=ADu b=C3=A9 = v=C3=A0 tr=C3=AD nh=E1=BB=9B ch=E1=BA=AFc ch=E1=BA=AFn=20 c=E1=BB=A7a c=E1=BA=ADu. T=E1=BB=AB =C4=91=C3=B3 c=E1=BA=ADu = =C4=91=C3=A3 l=C3=A0m th=E1=BA=A7y gi=E1=BA=A3ng gi=C3=BAp c=C3=A1c = cha. C=E1=BA=ADu =C4=91=C3=A3 l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t d=E1=BB=A5ng = c=E1=BB=A5=20 r=E1=BA=A5t t=E1=BB=91t =C4=91=E1=BB=83 t=C3=B4n th=E1=BB=9D Ch=C3=BAa = trong gi=C3=A1o =C4=91o=C3=A0n v=C3=A0 c=E1=BA=A3 =E1=BB=9F = n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc L=C3=A0o, n=C6=A1i c=E1=BA=ADu ho=E1=BA=A1t = =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng=20 trong nhi=E1=BB=81u n=C4=83m v=E1=BB=9Bi th=C3=A0nh qu=E1=BA=A3 = m=E1=BB=B9 m=C3=A3n, c=E1=BA=ADu r=E1=BA=A5t m=E1=BA=BFn = th=C6=B0=C6=A1ng t=C3=B4i n=C3=AAn =C4=91=C3=A3 mu=E1=BB=91n l=E1=BA=A5y = t=C3=AAn=20 t=C3=B4i.[9]  

T=E1=BB=AB =C4=91=C3=B3, Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam = tr=E1=BB=9F th=C3=A0nh qu=C3=AA h=C6=B0=C6=A1ng th=E1=BB=A9 hai = c=E1=BB=A7a=20 Alexandre de Rhodes, c=C5=A9ng = nh=C6=B0 nhi=E1=BB=81u nh=C3=A0=20 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o kh=C3=A1c, nh=C6=B0ng=20 c=C3=B4ng cu=E1=BB=99c truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o = c=E1=BB=A7a =C3=B4ng =E1=BB=9F =C4=91=C3=A2y c=C3=B2n nhi=E1=BB=81u b=E1=BA=A5t = =E1=BB=95n.

Th=E1=BA=BF l=C3=A0 cu=E1=BB=91i n=C4=83m 1624 = (ho=E1=BA=B7c =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u n=C4=83m 1625) Rhodes c=C3=B3 m=E1=BA=B7t = t=E1=BA=A1i Th=C3=A0nh Chi=C3=AAm (Thanh Chi=C3=AAm, K=E1=BA=BB = Ch=C4=83m) c=C3=A1ch H=E1=BB=99i An v=E1=BB=81 ph=C3=ADa T=C3=A2y = ch=E1=BB=ABng 4km, =C4=91=E1=BB=83 h=E1=BB=8Dc=20 ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t v=E1=BB=9Bi linh m=E1=BB=A5c Francisco de = Pina, m=E1=BB=99t tu s=C4=A9 D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u = ti=C3=AAn th=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m=20 =E1=BA=A5y th=C3=B4ng th=E1=BA=A1o ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t = nh=E1=BA=A5t. Xem ra t=E1=BB=AB cu=E1=BB=91i n=C4=83m 1624 = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn th=C3=A1ng 6-1626, Rhodes=20 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c B=E1=BB=81 tr=C3=AAn cho =E1=BB=9F =C4=90=C3=A0ng = Trong v=E1=BB=9Bi m=E1=BB=A5c =C4=91=C3=ADch ch=C3=ADnh l=C3=A0 = h=E1=BB=8Dc ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t v=C3=A0 l=C3=A0m quen=20 d=E1=BA=A7n v=E1=BB=9Bi con ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di v=C3=A0 x=C3=A3 = h=E1=BB=99i Vi=E1=BB=87t, =C4=91=E1=BB=83 r=E1=BB=93i tung =C3=B4ng ra = =C4=90=C3=A0ng=20 Ngo=C3=A0i.

=C3=94ng v=C3=A0o truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o =E1=BB=9F = =C4=90=C3=A0ng Trong n=C4=83m 1625 d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi th=E1=BB=9Di=20 ch=C3=BAa Nguy=E1=BB=85n Ph=C3=BAc Nguy=C3=AAn v=C3=A0 =E1=BB=9F = =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i v=C3=A0o n=C4=83m 1626 d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi = th=E1=BB=9Di ch=C3=BAa Tr=E1=BB=8Bnh Tr=C3=A1ng.=20 Th=C3=A1ng 6-1626, Rhodes = c=C3=B9ng v=E1=BB=9Bi linh m=E1=BB=A5c=20 Pedro Marques b=E1=BB=8F =C4=90=C3=A0ng Trong v=E1=BB=81 =C3=81o = M=C3=B4n ch=E1=BB=9D gi=C3=B3 m=C3=B9a sang n=C4=83m s=E1=BA=BD v=C3=A0o = =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t ch=C3=BAa=20 Tr=E1=BB=8Bnh. V=C3=A2ng, ng=C3=A0y 12-3-1627, Rhodes v=C3=A0 Marques = l=C3=AAn t=C3=A0u t=E1=BB=AB =C3=81o M=C3=B4n, ch=E1=BB=89 m=E1=BB=99t = tu=E1=BA=A7n=20 sau, ng=C3=A0y 19-3-1627, t=C3=A0u t=E1=BB=9Bi b=E1=BB=9D bi=E1=BB=83n = c=E1=BB=ADa B=E1=BA=A1ng t=E1=BA=A1i Thanh H=C3=B3a

Trong v=C3=B2ng 20 n=C4=83m=20 (1625-1646), =C3=B4ng b=E1=BB=8B tr=E1=BB=A5c = xu=E1=BA=A5t =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn s=C3=A1u=20 l=E1=BA=A7n[10]. Nh=C6=B0ng sau = c=E1=BA=A3 s=C3=A1u l=E1=BA=A7n =E1=BA=A5y, =C3=B4ng=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=81u ki=C3=AAn = tr=C3=AC t=C3=ACm c=C3=A1ch tr=E1=BB=9F l=E1=BA=A1i = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, khi=20 c=C3=B3 c=C6=A1 h=E1=BB=99i. 

V=E1=BB=81 =C3=81o M=C3=B4n, Rhodes = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ch=E1=BB=89 =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh l=C3=A0m Gi=C3=A1o = s=C6=B0 Th=E1=BA=A7n h=E1=BB=8Dc t=E1=BA=A1i=20 H=E1=BB=8Dc vi=E1=BB=87n Madre de Deus, =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u m=C3=A0 = =C3=B4ng kh=C3=B4ng c=E1=BA=A3m th=E1=BA=A5y th=C3=ADch th=C3=BA, = ch=E1=BB=89 l=C3=A0m v=C3=AC =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c=20 v=C3=A2ng ph=E1=BB=A5c. Trong 10 n=C4=83m tr=E1=BB=9Di, 1630-1640, = Rhodes =E1=BB=9F =C3=81o M=C3=B4n l=C3=A0m =E2=80=9Cc=C3=A1i = ngh=E1=BB=81=E2=80=9D tay tr=C3=A1i=20 =E1=BA=A5y

b. Giai =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1n Alexandre de Rhodes gi=E1=BA=A3ng = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam c=C5=A9ng l=C3=A0 = th=E1=BB=9Di=20 k=E1=BB=B3 c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn ho=E1=BA=A1t = =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng r=E1=BA=A5t nhi=E1=BB=87t th=C3=A0nh, c=C3=B3 = ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng ph=C3=A1p v=C3=A0 c=C3=B3 k=E1=BA=BFt qu=E1=BA=A3 mau=20 ch=C3=B3ng. Ri=C3=AAng = Alexandre de Rhodes,=20 =C3=B4ng =C4=91=C3=A3 truy=E1=BB=81n =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o t=E1=BB=AB Nam ra = B=E1=BA=AFc.=20 [11]

=C3=94ng k=E1=BB=83 l=E1=BA=A1i c=C3=B4ng = cu=E1=BB=99c truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o t=E1=BA=A1i = =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i (Mi=E1=BB=81n = B=E1=BA=AFc):

=E2=80=9CMi=E1=BA=BFng Tr=E1=BA=A7u L=C3=A0m = =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u C=C3=A2u Truy=E1=BB=87n=E2=80=9D Theo Th=C3=B3i =C3=81=20 =C4=90=C3=B4ng

=E2=80=9CCh=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i v=E1=BB=ABa=20 c=E1=BA=ADp b=E1=BA=BFn th=C3=AC m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 =C4=91=C3=B4ng = d=C3=A2n x=E1=BB=A9 n=C3=A0y th=E1=BA=A5y ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn g=E1=BA=A7n li=E1=BB=81n l=E1=BA=A5y thuy=E1=BB=81n = c=E1=BB=A7a=20 l=C3=A0ng l=C3=A2n c=E1=BA=ADn =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn m=E1=BB=ABng ch=C3=BAng = t=C3=B4i, ch=E1=BA=A5t v=E1=BA=A5n ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i xem ch=C3=BAng = t=C3=B4i l=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 n=C3=A0o, t=E1=BB=AB =C4=91=C3=A2u m=C3=A0 t=E1=BB=9Bi v=C3=A0 = =C4=91em nh=E1=BB=AFng h=C3=A0ng h=C3=B3a m=E1=BB=9Bi l=E1=BA=A1 = v=C3=A0o. T=C3=B4i l=C3=A0m th=C3=B4ng ng=C3=B4n=20 cho t=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BA=A3 =C4=91o=C3=A0n th=E1=BB=83, t=C3=B4i = =C4=91=C3=A1p =C4=91=C3=A2y l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t chi=E1=BA=BFc t=C3=A0u = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di B=E1=BB=93, nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = kh=E1=BA=AFp=20 v=C3=B9ng =C4=90=C3=B4ng ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng =C4=91=E1=BB=81u kh=C3=A1 = bi=E1=BA=BFt v=E1=BB=81 gi=C3=A1 tr=E1=BB=8B v=C3=B5 kh=C3=AD v=C3=A0 = h=C3=A0ng h=C3=B3a tinh x=E1=BA=A3o t=E1=BB=AB l=C3=A2u v=E1=BA=ABn=20 =C4=91em t=E1=BB=9Bi x=E1=BB=A9 n=C3=A0y v=C3=A0 nh=C3=A2n d=E1=BB=8Bp = n=C3=A0y h=E1=BB=8D t=E1=BB=9Bi b=C3=A1n cho ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i m=E1=BB=99t h=E1=BA=A1t trai=20 qu=C3=BD m=C3=A0 kh=C3=B4ng =C4=91=E1=BA=AFt =C4=91=E1=BB=83 cho = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ngh=C3=A8o kh=C3=B3 nh=E1=BA=A5t c=C5=A9ng c=C3=B3 = th=E1=BB=83 mua =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c mi=E1=BB=85n l=C3=A0=20 c=C3=B3 =C3=BD ngay l=C3=A0nh. Th=E1=BA=A5y d=C3=A2n ch=C3=BAng = t=E1=BB=8F ra mu=E1=BB=91n xem, th=C3=AC t=C3=B4i cho h=E1=BB=8D = hi=E1=BB=83u l=C3=A0 h=E1=BA=A1t trai=20 n=C3=A0y kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83 coi b=E1=BA=B1ng con m=E1=BA=AFt = th=C3=A2n th=E1=BB=83 nh=C6=B0ng b=E1=BA=B1ng con m=E1=BA=AFt tinh = th=E1=BA=A7n bi=E1=BA=BFt ph=C3=A2n=20 bi=E1=BB=87t th=E1=BA=ADt gi=E1=BA=A3. N=C3=B3i t=C3=B3m l=E1=BA=A1i, = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn gi=E1=BA=A3ng d=E1=BA=A1y = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o th=E1=BA=ADt c=C3=B3 gi=C3=A1 h=C6=A1n h=E1=BA=BFt = c=C3=A1c=20 h=C3=A0ng h=C3=B3a c=E1=BB=A7a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =E1=BA=A4n = =C4=90=E1=BB=99 v=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t m=C3=ACnh n=C3=B3 c=C3=B3 = th=E1=BB=83 m=E1=BB=9F =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng t=E1=BB=9Bi c=C3=B5i = ph=C3=BAc =C4=91=C3=ADch th=E1=BB=B1c=20 v=C3=A0 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng c=E1=BB=ADu.=E2=80=9D[12]  

=E2=80=9CNgay khi ch=C3=BAng=20 t=C3=B4i c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t n=C6=A1i ri=C3=AAng =C4=91=E1=BB=83 = th=E1=BB=ABa h=C3=A0nh ch=E1=BB=A9c v=E1=BB=A5 v=C3=A0 gi=E1=BA=A3ng = Ph=C3=BAc =C3=A2m th=C3=A1nh, th=C3=AC c=C3=B3 r=E1=BA=A5t=20 nhi=E1=BB=81u th=C3=ADnh gi=E1=BA=A3 tu=E1=BB=91n =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = v=C3=A0 sau khi =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c d=E1=BA=A1y d=E1=BB=97 v=E1=BB=81 = =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c tin th=C3=AC h=E1=BB=8D ch=E1=BB=8Bu ph=C3=A9p = r=E1=BB=ADa=20 t=E1=BB=99i. Trong s=E1=BB=91 =C4=91=C3=B3 m=E1=BA=A5y v=E1=BB=8B = s=C6=B0 m=E1=BB=9F =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng l=C3=A0m g=C6=B0=C6=A1ng cho = d=C3=A2n ch=C3=BAng tr=E1=BB=9F l=E1=BA=A1i. V=E1=BB=8B=20 s=C3=A3i ch=C3=ADnh y=E1=BA=BFu v=C3=A0 k=E1=BB=B3 c=E1=BB=B1u h=C6=A1n = c=E1=BA=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c c=C3=A1c =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng s=E1=BB=B1 = trong t=E1=BB=89nh c=E1=BA=A3m ph=E1=BB=A5c v=C3=A0 t=C3=B4n = tr=E1=BB=8Dng=20 nh=C6=B0 b=E1=BB=81 tr=C3=AAn, c=C5=A9ng l=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u ti=C3=AAn theo =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c tin v=C3=A0 Kit=C3=B4 = gi=C3=A1o, tu=E1=BB=95i =C4=91=C3=A3 t=C3=A1m m=C6=B0=C6=A1i=20 l=C4=83m v=C3=A0 l=E1=BA=A5y t=C3=AAn r=E1=BB=ADa t=E1=BB=99i l=C3=A0 = Gioakim, m=E1=BB=99t nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt c=C3=B3 th=E1=BA=BF gi=C3=A1 = v=C3=A0 =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o h=E1=BA=A1nh, =C4=91=C3=A3 thu=20 h=C3=BAt =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c nhi=E1=BB=81u ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = kh=C3=A1c thu=E1=BB=99c c=E1=BA=A3 hai gi=E1=BB=9Bi. Trong nh=E1=BB=AFng = nh=C3=A2n =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c c=E1=BB=A7a v=E1=BB=8B l=C3=A3o=20 th=C3=A0nh =C4=91=C3=A1ng k=C3=ADnh n=C3=A0y, =C4=91=E1=BA=B7c = bi=E1=BB=87t t=C3=B4i nh=E1=BA=ADn th=E1=BA=A5y m=E1=BB=99t = nguy=E1=BB=87n v=E1=BB=8Dng h=C4=83ng say h=E1=BB=8Dc h=E1=BB=8Fi=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng g=C3=AC c=E1=BA=A7n cho s=E1=BB=B1 c=E1=BB=A9u = r=E1=BB=97i. =C3=94ng thu x=E1=BA=BFp =E1=BB=9F v=E1=BB=9Bi ch=C3=BAng = t=C3=B4i lu=C3=B4n =C4=91=E1=BB=83 h=E1=BB=8Dc bi=E1=BA=BFt s=C3=A2u=20 r=E1=BB=99ng h=C6=A1n v=E1=BB=81 c=C3=A1c ch=C3=A2n l=C3=BD = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o Kit=C3=B4 v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng m=E1=BA=A7u = nhi=E1=BB=87m =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c=20 tin.

 M=E1=BB=99t ng=C3=A0y=20 kia sau b=E1=BB=AFa t=E1=BB=91i, t=C3=B4i nh=E1=BB=9D m=E1=BB=99t = c=E1=BA=ADu b=C3=A9 vi=E1=BA=BFt m=E1=BA=A5y kinh c=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o = cho gi=C3=A1o d=C3=A2n t=C3=A2n=20 t=C3=B2ng m=C3=A0 kh=C3=B4ng nh=E1=BB=9D t=E1=BB=9Bi v=E1=BB=8B l=C3=A3o = th=C3=A0nh, v=C3=AC t=C3=B4i t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng l=C3=A0 t=C3=B4i = t=C3=B4n tr=E1=BB=8Dng th=E1=BB=9Di gi=E1=BB=9D =C3=B4ng=20 d=C3=A0nh =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ngh=E1=BB=89 ng=C6=A1i. Khi bi=E1=BA=BFt = vi=E1=BB=87c n=C3=A0y th=C3=AC =C3=B4ng khi=E1=BB=83n tr=C3=A1ch = t=C3=B4i n=E1=BA=B7ng l=E1=BB=9Di v=C3=AC t=C3=B4i=20 =C4=91=C3=A3 nh=E1=BB=9D m=E1=BB=99t ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di kh=C3=A1c = ch=E1=BB=A9 kh=C3=B4ng nh=E1=BB=9D =C3=B4ng l=C3=A0 b=E1=BA=ADc t=C3=B4n = s=C6=B0 v=C3=A0 ti=E1=BA=BFn s=C4=A9 c=E1=BB=A7a sai l=E1=BA=A7m.=20 Theo l=E1=BA=BD ph=E1=BA=A3i, trong vi=E1=BB=87c t=C3=B4i mu=E1=BB=91n = t=C3=ACm ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di gi=C3=BAp t=C3=B4i =C4=91=E1=BB=83 = gi=E1=BA=A3ng d=E1=BA=A1y ch=C3=A2n l=C3=BD th=C3=AC=20 t=C3=B4i ph=E1=BA=A3i d=C3=B9ng =C3=B4ng h=C6=A1n ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = n=C3=A0o kh=C3=A1c. T=C3=B4i khen l=C3=B2ng nhi=E1=BB=87t th=C3=A0nh = c=E1=BB=A7a =C3=B4ng v=C3=A0 h=E1=BB=A9a=20 s=E1=BA=BD d=C3=B9ng =C3=B4ng khi c=C3=B3 d=E1=BB=8Bp v=C3=A0 x=C3=A9t = ra c=C3=B3 =C3=ADch.

V=C3=AC th=E1=BB=B1c ra =C3=B4ng=20 tinh th=C3=B4ng ch=E1=BB=AF h=C3=A1n h=C6=A1n nh=E1=BB=AFng = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di kh=C3=A1c n=C3=AAn =C3=B4ng vi=E1=BA=BFt = =C4=91=C3=BAng h=C6=A1n v=C3=A0 nhanh h=C6=A1n nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u t=C3=B4i =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc cho =C3=B4ng bi=E1=BA=BFt. = Kh=C3=B4ng nh=E1=BB=AFng =C3=B4ng ch=E1=BB=89 l=C3=A0m vi=E1=BB=87c = n=C3=A0y gi=C3=BAp =C3=ADch cho gi=C3=A1o=20 =C4=91o=C3=A0n m=E1=BB=9Bi c=E1=BB=A7a x=E1=BB=A9 s=E1=BB=9F =C3=B4ng, = nh=C6=B0ng c=C3=B2n nh=E1=BA=ADn th=E1=BA=A5y n=C6=A1i ch=C3=BAng = t=C3=B4i d=C3=A2ng th=C3=A1nh l=E1=BB=85 v=C3=A0 gi=E1=BA=A3ng=20 d=E1=BA=A1y l=E1=BB=9Di Thi=C3=AAn Ch=C3=BAa th=C3=AC qu=C3=A1 = ch=E1=BA=ADt h=E1=BA=B9p =C4=91=E1=BB=91i v=E1=BB=9Bi s=E1=BB=91 = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di h=E1=BB=99i h=E1=BB=8Dp t=E1=BB=9Bi nghe. =C3=94ng = li=E1=BB=81n d=C3=A2ng m=E1=BB=99t th=E1=BB=ADa ru=E1=BB=99ng = c=E1=BA=A1nh =C4=91=E1=BA=A5y thu=E1=BB=99c v=E1=BB=81 =C3=B4ng = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 d=E1=BB=B1ng m=E1=BB=99t nh=C3=A0 th=E1=BB=9D = r=E1=BB=99ng h=C6=A1n,=20 nh=C3=A0 th=E1=BB=9D l=C3=A0m b=E1=BA=B1ng g=E1=BB=97 nh=C6=B0 = l=E1=BB=91i b=E1=BA=A3n x=E1=BB=A9 do l=C3=B2ng s=E1=BB=91t s=E1=BA=AFng = c=E1=BB=A7a gi=C3=A1o d=C3=A2n t=C3=A2n t=C3=B2ng v=C3=A0=20 trang tr=C3=AD do h=E1=BA=A3o t=C3=A2m c=E1=BB=A7a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = B=E1=BB=93. Ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i l=C3=A0m ph=C3=A9p tr=E1=BB=8Dng = th=E1=BB=83 ng=C3=A0y m=E1=BB=93ng 3=20 th=C3=A1ng 5, ng=C3=A0y t=C3=ACm th=E1=BA=A5y th=C3=A1nh = gi=C3=A1.=E2=80=9D[13] 

=E2=80=9CM=E1=BA=B7c d=E1=BA=A7u c=C3=B3=20 nhi=E1=BB=81u ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di rao gi=E1=BA=A3ng gi=C3=A1o l=C3=BD = Ph=C3=BAc =C3=A2m cho nh=E1=BB=AFng n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc = l=C6=B0=C6=A1ng d=C3=A2n ch=E1=BB=A7 tr=C6=B0=C6=A1ng=20 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc h=E1=BA=BFt ph=E1=BA=A3i h=E1=BB=A7y di=E1=BB=87t sai = l=E1=BA=A7m v=C3=A0 t=C3=A0 gi=C3=A1o l=C3=A0m cho t=C3=A2m tr=C3=AD = t=E1=BB=AB b=E1=BB=8F nh=E1=BB=AFng quan ni=E1=BB=87m=20 m=C6=A1 h=E1=BB=93, tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc khi x=C3=A2y d=E1=BB=B1ng v=C3=A0 = gi=E1=BA=A3ng d=E1=BA=A1y nh=E1=BB=AFng =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m v=C3=A0 = nh=E1=BB=AFng nguy=C3=AAn l=C3=BD c=E1=BB=A7a Kit=C3=B4=20 gi=C3=A1o, theo l=E1=BB=87nh Thi=C3=AAn Ch=C3=BAa =C4=91=C3=A3 = truy=E1=BB=81n cho m=E1=BB=99t ti=C3=AAn tri r=E1=BA=B1ng: Ta = =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91=E1=BB=83 di=E1=BB=87t=20 v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=95, =C4=91=E1=BB=83 d=E1=BB=B1ng v=C3=A0 tr=E1=BB=93ng, = c=C3=B2n v=E1=BB=81 m=E1=BA=A7u nhi=E1=BB=87m cao c=E1=BA=A3 v=E1=BB=81 = Thi=C3=AAn Ch=C3=BAa Ba Ng=C3=B4i th=C3=AC ch=E1=BB=89=20 tr=C3=ACnh b=C3=A0y cho ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=C3=A2n t=C3=B2ng v=C3=A0o = l=C3=BAc h=E1=BB=8D =C4=91=C3=A3 s=E1=BA=B5n s=C3=A1ng ch=E1=BB=8Bu = ph=C3=A9p r=E1=BB=ADa t=E1=BB=99i, tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc l=C3=A0=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=83 kh=C3=B4ng l=C3=A0m r=E1=BB=91i tr=C3=AD h=E1=BB=8D = v=C3=AC nh=E1=BB=AFng ho=C3=A0i nghi c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 n=E1=BA=A3y = sinh v=E1=BB=81 m=E1=BA=A7u nhi=E1=BB=87m c=E1=BB=B1c k=E1=BB=B3=20 cao c=E1=BA=A3 v=C3=A0 kh=C3=B4n l=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng =C4=91=C3=B3. = Th=E1=BA=BF nh=C6=B0ng theo kinh nghi=E1=BB=87m, gi=E1=BB=AFa hai = c=C3=A1ch tr=C3=AAn =C4=91=C3=A2y, t=C3=B4i=20 ch=E1=BB=8Dn m=E1=BB=99t ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng ph=C3=A1p gi=C3=A1o = hu=E1=BA=A5n cho c=C3=A1c d=C3=A2n n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc = n=C3=A0y.

Ngh=C4=A9a l=C3=A0=20 kh=C3=B4ng ch=E1=BB=91ng =C4=91=E1=BB=91i sai l=E1=BA=A7m c=C3=A1c = gi=C3=A1o ph=C3=A1i =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc khi = =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 c=C3=A1c=20 nguy=C3=AAn l=C3=BD m=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=89 =C3=A1nh s=C3=A1ng t=E1=BB=B1 = nhi=C3=AAn c=C5=A9ng hi=E1=BB=83u bi=E1=BA=BFt =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c, = nh=C6=B0 v=E1=BB=81 vi=E1=BB=87c s=C3=A1ng t=E1=BA=A1o v=C5=A9=20 tr=E1=BB=A5, v=E1=BB=81 c=E1=BB=A9u c=C3=A1nh v=C3=A0 nguy=C3=AAn = l=C3=BD tuy=E1=BB=87t =C4=91=E1=BB=91i v=E1=BA=A1n v=E1=BA=ADt = =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c d=E1=BB=B1ng n=C3=AAn v=C3=A0 = v=E1=BB=81 an b=C3=A0i=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng lo=C3=A0i c=C3=B3 l=C3=BD tr=C3=AD v=C3=A0 nhi=E1=BB=87m = v=E1=BB=A5 ph=E1=BA=A3i nh=E1=BA=ADn bi=E1=BA=BFt Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = v=C3=A0 ph=E1=BB=A5ng th=E1=BB=9D Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di. Nh=C6=B0=20 v=E1=BA=ADy =C4=91=E1=BB=83 =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t v=C3=A0o t=C3=A2m tr=C3=AD = h=E1=BB=8D m=E1=BB=99t n=E1=BB=81n t=E1=BA=A3ng ch=E1=BA=AFc = ch=E1=BA=AFn tr=C3=AAn =C4=91=C3=B3 =C4=91=E1=BB=81u d=E1=BB=B1a = v=C3=A0o m=E1=BB=8Di ni=E1=BB=81m=20 tin kh=C3=A1c =C4=91=E1=BB=83 kh=C3=B4ng l=C3=A0m cho h=E1=BB=8D = ch=C3=A1n n=E1=BA=A3n khi nghe ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta =C4=91=E1=BA=A3 = ph=C3=A1 v=C3=A0 khinh d=E1=BB=83 nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 th=E1=BB=9D t=E1=BB=B1 c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh m=E1=BA=B7c d=E1=BA=A7u = l=C3=A0 gi=E1=BA=A3 d=E1=BB=91i v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng t=E1=BA=ADp = t=E1=BB=A5c m=C3=AA t=C3=ADn, =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 s=E1=BB=B1 = th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng x=E1=BA=A3y=20 ra.

T=C3=B4i =C4=91=C3=A3 th=C3=A0nh=20 c=C3=B4ng h=C6=A1n, theo nh=C6=B0 t=C3=B4i nh=E1=BA=ADn x=C3=A9t, = n=E1=BA=BFu t=C3=B4i =C4=91em cho h=E1=BB=8D m=E1=BB=99t =C3=ADt = t=C3=A2m t=C3=ACnh hi=E1=BA=BFu th=E1=BA=A3o=20 v=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99 m=E1=BA=BFn t=E1=BB=B1 nhi=C3=AAn = =C4=91=E1=BB=91i v=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=90=E1=BA=A5ng H=C3=B3a C=C3=B4ng = v=C3=A0 Nguy=C3=AAn l=C3=BD =C4=91=E1=BB=87 nh=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n = th=E1=BB=83 h=E1=BB=8D.=20 R=E1=BB=93i khi =C4=91=E1=BB=81 c=E1=BA=ADp t=E1=BB=9Bi truy=E1=BB=87n = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i h=E1=BB=93ng th=E1=BB=A7y v=C3=A0 l=E1=BB=99n = l=E1=BA=A1o c=C3=A1c ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF th=C3=AC cho h=E1=BB=8D = bi=E1=BA=BFt=20 s=E1=BB=A3 Thi=C3=AAn Ch=C3=BAa h=E1=BB=8D ph=E1=BA=A3i t=C3=B4n = k=C3=ADnh v=C3=A0 th=E1=BB=9D ph=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3ng, t=E1=BB=AB = =C4=91=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=91=E1=BA=A3 ph=C3=A1 t=C3=A0 = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o m=C3=A0 ma qu=E1=BB=B7=20 c=C5=A9ng ch=E1=BB=89 =C4=91=C6=B0a v=C3=A0o th=E1=BA=BF gian sau = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i h=E1=BB=93ng th=E1=BB=A7y. R=E1=BB=93i sau =C4=91=C3=B3 = t=C3=B4i m=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng =C3=BD v=E1=BB=9Bi nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di kh=C3=A1c v=C3=A0 ch=C6=B0a tr=C3=ACnh b=C3=A0y cho = l=C6=B0=C6=A1ng d=C3=A2n m=C3=ACnh mu=E1=BB=91n chinh ph=E1=BB=A5c = nh=E1=BB=AFng m=E1=BA=A7u nhi=E1=BB=87m=20 Ba Ng=C3=B4i th=C3=A1nh, s=E1=BB=B1 Nh=E1=BA=ADp th=E1=BB=83 v=C3=A0 = th=C6=B0=C6=A1ng kh=C3=B3 c=E1=BB=A7a Con Thi=C3=AAn Ch=C3=BAa v=C3=A0 = gieo m=E1=BA=A7m c=C3=A1c ch=C3=A2n=20 l=C3=BD =C4=91=C3=B3 trong t=C3=A2m h=E1=BB=93n h=E1=BB=8D, = tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc khi nh=E1=BB=95 nh=E1=BB=AFng sai l=E1=BA=A7m v=C3=A0 = m=C3=AA t=C3=ADn d=E1=BB=8B=20 =C4=91oan.=E2=80=9D[14] 

 =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD=20 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ti=E1=BA=BFp t=E1=BB=A5c ghi cho t=E1=BB=9Bi = =C4=91=C3=A2y bao g=E1=BB=93m s=E1=BB=B1 ti=E1=BA=BFn tri=E1=BB=83n = c=E1=BB=A7a Kit=C3=B4 gi=C3=A1o trong khu=20 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i t=E1=BB=AB n=C4=83m = 1627 cho t=E1=BB=9Bi n=C4=83m 1646. C=C3=B2n nh=E1=BB=AFng = =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u s=E1=BA=BD n=C3=B3i sau=20 =C4=91=C3=A2y, trong ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng n=C3=A0y, ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i = =C4=91=C3=A3 tr=C3=ADch rong hai b=E1=BB=A9c th=C6=B0, m=E1=BB=99t = th=C6=B0 c=E1=BB=A7a cha=20 Gioan Cabral ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i v=E1=BB=ABa n=C3=B3i, kinh l=C3=BD khu = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o, vi=E1=BA=BFt v=E1=BB=81 cha b=E1=BB=81 = tr=C3=AAn C=E1=BA=A3,=20 v=C3=A0o th=C3=A1ng 10 n=C4=83m 1647. Trong th=C6=B0, cha = =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u tr=E1=BA=A7n v=E1=BB=81 cu=E1=BB=99c kinh l=C3=BD = c=E1=BB=A7a cha v=C3=A0 v=E1=BB=81=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng th=C3=A0nh qu=E1=BA=A3 m=E1=BB=9Bi h=C3=A1i = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c trong khu truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o. Th=C6=B0 = th=E1=BB=A9 hai l=C3=A0 c=E1=BB=A7a cha Gioan=20 Barbosa th=E1=BB=A3 k=E1=BB=B3 c=E1=BB=B1u =E1=BB=9F =C4=91=C3=A2y, = c=C5=A9ng l=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di r=E1=BA=A5t hi=E1=BB=83u = bi=E1=BA=BFt c=C3=A1c c=C3=B4ng vi=E1=BB=87c trong khu=20 v=E1=BB=B1c n=C3=A0y.

Cha Cabral cam=20 =C4=91oan nh=E1=BA=ADn r=E1=BA=B1ng ch=E1=BB=89 trong hai n=C4=83m = 1645 v=C3=A0 1646 gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i = =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c h=C6=A1n=20 hai m=C6=B0=C6=A1i b=E1=BB=91n ngh=C3=ACn gi=C3=A1o d=C3=A2n tr=E1=BB=9F = l=E1=BA=A1i =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o. Trong x=E1=BB=A9 c=C3=B3 hai tr=C4=83m = nh=C3=A0 th=E1=BB=9D c=E1=BB=A1 l=E1=BB=9Bn=20 v=E1=BB=9Bi nh=C3=A0 =E1=BB=9F cho c=C3=A1c cha ngay c=E1=BA=A1nh = =C4=91=C3=B3, =C4=91=C3=A2y l=C3=A0 n=C6=A1i th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng = tr=C3=BA ho=E1=BA=B7c t=E1=BA=A1m tr=C3=BA khi c=C3=A1c=20 cha t=E1=BB=9Bi l=C3=A0m vi=E1=BB=87c. Trong n=C4=83m 1646 ch=E1=BB=89 = c=C3=B3 b=E1=BA=A3y cha ph=C3=A2n ra trong n=C4=83m tr=E1=BB=A5 = s=E1=BB=9F, c=C3=B2n=20 m=E1=BB=99t cha t=C3=AAn l=C3=A0 Phaol=C3=B4 Caloprosi = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di th=C3=A0nh Napoli, th=E1=BB=A3 r=E1=BA=A5t can = =C4=91=E1=BA=A3m v=C3=A0 kh=C3=B4ng=20 bi=E1=BA=BFt m=E1=BB=87t, cha =C4=91=C3=A3 m=E1=BA=A5t =C3=ADt l=C3=A2u = sau. Ngo=C3=A0i b=E1=BB=91n th=E1=BB=A3 m=E1=BB=9Bi ghi =E1=BB=9F = tr=C3=AAn c=C3=B2n c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 th=E1=BB=A9 s=C3=A1u l=C3=A0 cha Philipph=C3=AA Marini = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di th=C3=A0nh Gen=C3=B4va b=E1=BB=8B ch=E1=BA=B7n lai = kh=C3=B4ng qua n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 Campuchia nh=C6=B0 =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ch=E1=BB=89 = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh. Ph=E1=BA=A3i d=E1=BB=B1ng tr=E1=BB=A5 s=E1=BB=9F = th=E1=BB=A9 s=C3=A1u =C4=91=E1=BB=83 d=E1=BB=85 b=E1=BB=81 ph=E1=BB=A5c = v=E1=BB=A5 s=E1=BB=91 r=E1=BA=A5t=20 =C4=91=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o d=C3=A2n tr=E1=BB=9F l=E1=BA=A1i. =

Cha =C4=91=C3=A3 nh=C3=ACn th=E1=BA=A5y=20 t=E1=BB=AB khi =E1=BB=9F x=E1=BB=A9 n=C3=A0y, d=C3=A2n =C4=90=C3=A0ng = Ngo=C3=A0i d=E1=BB=85 ti=E1=BA=BFp x=C3=BAc h=C6=A1n v=C3=A0 d=E1=BB=85 = tin theo =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o h=C6=A1n,=20 kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t d=C3=A2n =C4=90=C3=B4ng Ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng = n=C3=A0o, v=E1=BB=81 lu=C3=A2n l=C3=BD trong tr=E1=BA=AFng h=C6=A1n = v=C3=A0 c=C3=B3 =C3=ADt th=C3=B3i h=C6=B0=20 t=E1=BA=ADt x=E1=BA=A5u chung cho m=E1=BB=8Di n=C6=A1i kh=C3=A1c, = l=C3=A0m ng=C3=A1ng tr=E1=BB=9F cho =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c tin v=C3=A0 = g=C3=A2y nh=E1=BB=AFng kh=C3=B3 kh=C4=83n=20 g=E1=BA=A7n nh=C6=B0 kh=C3=B4ng v=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3t n=E1=BB=95i, = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 th=E1=BB=B1c h=C3=A0nh c=C3=A1c nh=C3=A2n = =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c c=E1=BB=A7a Kit=C3=B4 gi=C3=A1o. Gi=C3=A1o d=C3=A2n = t=C3=A2n=20 t=C3=B2ng r=E1=BA=A5t v=E1=BB=AFng v=C3=A0ng trong =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c tin, = nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BB=83 =C4=91=C3=A3 nh=E1=BA=ADn t=E1=BB=AB m=E1=BA=A5y = th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 nay, h=E1=BB=8D c=C5=A9ng xa=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng khuynh h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng, nh=E1=BB=AFng m=C3=AA t=C3=ADn = d=E1=BB=8B =C4=91oan nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BB=83 ch=C6=B0a bao gi=E1=BB=9D = bi=E1=BA=BFt t=E1=BB=9Bi. H=E1=BB=8D=20 thi h=C3=A0nh c=C3=A1c nh=C3=A2n =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c Kit=C3=B4 gi=C3=A1o, = g=E1=BB=9Bm gh=C3=A9t nh=E1=BB=AFng =C4=91=E1=BB=93i b=E1=BA=A1i chung, = r=E1=BA=A5t nghi=C3=AAm ch=E1=BB=89nh=20 gi=E1=BB=AF lu=E1=BA=ADt Thi=C3=AAn Ch=C3=BAa, r=E1=BA=A5t s=E1=BB=91t = s=E1=BA=AFng l=C3=A0m c=C3=A1c vi=E1=BB=87c =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o = =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c v=C3=A0 =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc kinh c=E1=BA=A7u=20 nguy=E1=BB=87n. M=E1=BB=8Di ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91=E1=BB=81u = d=E1=BA=ADy th=E1=BA=ADt s=E1=BB=9Bm, sau khi th=E1=BB=A9c d=E1=BA=ADy = th=C3=AC h=E1=BB=8D =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc kinh =C3=ADt l=C3=A0=20 n=E1=BB=ADa gi=E1=BB=9D v=C3=A0 c=C5=A9ng v=E1=BA=ADy tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc = khi =C4=91i ng=E1=BB=A7; h=E1=BB=8D r=E1=BA=A5t v=C3=A2ng l=E1=BB=9Di = v=C3=A0 k=C3=ADnh tr=E1=BB=8Dng c=C3=A1c cha,=20 c=C3=B4ng nh=E1=BA=ADn s=E1=BB=B1 kh=C3=B3 nh=E1=BB=8Dc c=E1=BB=A7a cha = b=E1=BA=B1ng s=E1=BB=B1 bi=E1=BA=BFt =C6=A1n v=C3=A0 kh=C3=B4ng g=C3=AC = l=C3=A0m ph=E1=BA=ADt =C3=BD h=E1=BB=8D b=E1=BA=B1ng t=E1=BB=AB=20 ch=E1=BB=91i kh=C3=B4ng nh=E1=BA=ADn ph=E1=BA=A9m v=E1=BA=ADt h=E1=BB=8D = mang t=E1=BB=9Bi. Khi c=C3=A1c cha =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn th=C3=AC h=E1=BB=8D = t=E1=BB=8F ra vui m=E1=BB=ABng th=C3=A1i=20 qu=C3=A1 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn n=E1=BB=97i h=E1=BB=8D t=E1=BB=95 ch=E1=BB=A9c = cu=E1=BB=99c vui v=C3=A0 ng=C3=A0y h=E1=BB=99i c=C3=B4ng c=E1=BB=99ng = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 th=E1=BB=95 l=E1=BB=99=20 ra.=E2=80=9D[15] 

N=C4=83m 1645,=20 Ch=C3=BAa Nguy=E1=BB=85n tr=E1=BB=A5c xu=E1=BA=A5t =C3=B4ng ra kh=E1=BB=8Fi Vi=E1=BB=87t = Nam h=E1=BA=B3n. Khi=20 tr=E1=BB=9F l=E1=BA=A1i ch=C3=A2u =C3=82u, Alexandre de Rhodes = =C4=91=C3=BAc=20 k=E1=BA=BFt kinh nghi=E1=BB=87m hi=E1=BB=83u bi=E1=BA=BFt=20 th=E1=BB=B1c =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba = c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh khi rao gi=E1=BA=A3ng Tin M=E1=BB=ABng t=E1=BA=A1i = =C3=81 Ch=C3=A2u. Cu=E1=BB=91i c=C3=B9ng =C3=B4ng =C4=91=C3=A3 xin T=C3=B2a = Th=C3=A1nh=20 ph=C3=A1i c=C3=A1c = gi=C3=A1m m=E1=BB=A5c truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn =C3=81=20 Ch=C3=A2u. Nh=E1=BB=9D = =C4=91=C3=B3 ch=C3=ADnh c=C3=A1c gi=C3=A1m m=E1=BB=A5c n=C3=A0y=20 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 = truy=E1=BB=81n ch=E1=BB=A9c linh m=E1=BB=A5c cho c=C3=A1c=20 th=C3=A0y gi=E1=BA=A3ng b=E1=BA=A3n x=E1=BB=A9, th=C3=A0nh l=E1=BA=ADp m=E1=BB=99t h=C3=A0ng = gi=C3=A1o=20 s=C4=A9 b=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba, n=E1=BB=91i ti=E1=BA=BFp c=C3=B4ng = cu=E1=BB=99c truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o. T=E1=BB=AB =C4=91=C3=B3 = n=E1=BA=A9y sinh H=E1=BB=99i Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o H=E1=BA=A3i=20 Ngo=E1=BA=A1i Paris, th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng g=E1=BB=8Di v=E1=BA=AFn = t=E1=BA=AFt l=C3=A0 M.E.P hay H=E1=BB=99i Th=E1=BB=ABa Sai Ba=20 L=C3=AA

=C3=94ng m=E1=BA=A5t ng=C3=A0y 5 th=C3=A1ng 11 = n=C4=83m=20 1660 = =E1=BB=9F Isfahan, Ba=20 T=C6=B0, 15 n=C4=83m sau khi = b=E1=BB=8B tr=E1=BB=A5c xu=E1=BA=A5t = l=E1=BA=A7n cu=E1=BB=91i c=C3=B9ng kh=E1=BB=8Fi Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 Nam.

T=C3=A1c ph=E1=BA=A9m 

Ngo=C3=A0i T=E1=BB=B1=20 =C4=90i=E1=BB=83n Vi=E1=BB=87t-B=E1=BB=93-La Dictionarium annamiticum = seu tunquinense lusitanum et=20 latinum =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c Th=C6=B0 vi=E1=BB=87n Qu=E1=BB=91c = gia B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha scan v=C3=A0 =C4=91=C6=B0a l=C3=AAn = m=E1=BA=A1ng=20 Internet, c=C3=B2n c=C3=B3 nguy=C3=AAn b=E1=BB=99 = c=C3=A1c t=C3=A1c ph=E1=BA=A9m kh=C3=A1c trong =E1=BA=A5n b=E1=BA=A3n = =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u ti=C3=AAn=20 =E1=BB=9F th=E1=BA=ADp ni=C3=AAn 1650 m=C3=A0 Gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9 = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc-L=E1=BB=99 vi=E1=BA=BFt b=E1=BA=B1ng ti=E1=BA=BFng = Latinh v=C3=A0 ti=E1=BA=BFng=20 Ph=C3=A1p c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 t=C3=ACm th=E1=BA=A5y t=E1=BA=A1i Th=C6=B0 = vi=E1=BB=87n Maurits Sabbe c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=A1i h=E1=BB=8Dc = C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o t=E1=BA=A1i=20 Louvain (Universit=C3=A9 catholique de Louvain) t=E1=BA=A1i = B=E1=BB=89. Ngo=C3=A0i ra, c=C3=B3 th=C3=AAm m=E1=BB=99t=20 s=E1=BB=91 =E1=BA=A5n b=E1=BA=A3n ho=E1=BA=B7c t=C3=A1i =E1=BA=A5n = b=E1=BA=A3n c=C5=A9ng =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c t=C3=ACm ra trong c=C6=A1 = s=E1=BB=9F d=E1=BB=AF li=E1=BB=87u PORBASE c=E1=BB=A7a Li=C3=AAn=20 hi=E1=BB=87p c=C3=A1c th=C6=B0 vi=E1=BB=87n =E1=BB=9F B=E1=BB=93 = =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha. 

L=C6=B0u ni=E1=BB=87m 

N=C4=83m 1943,=20 ch=C3=ADnh quy=E1=BB=81n thu=E1=BB=99c =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba =C4=90=C3=B4ng = D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng ph=C3=A1t h=C3=A0nh m=E1=BB=99t con tem 30 xu = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 t=C3=B4n vinh nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 =C4=91=C3=B3ng g=C3=B3p c=E1=BB=A7a =C3=B4ng trong qu=C3=A1 tr=C3=ACnh = ph=C3=A1t tri=E1=BB=83n ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t.

Ch=C3=ADnh quy=E1=BB=81n=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam C=E1=BB=99ng h=C3=B2a c=C5=A9ng ph=C3=A1t h=C3=A0nh = m=E1=BB=99t b=E1=BB=99 tem 4 con k=E1=BB=B7 ni=E1=BB=87m 300 n=C4=83m = ng=C3=A0y m=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BB=A7a=20 =C3=B4ng, nh=C6=B0ng ra tr=E1=BB=85 1 n=C4=83m (ph=C3=A1t h=C3=A0nh = ng=C3=A0y 5 th=C3=A1ng 11 n=C4=83m 1961). T=C3=AAn =C3=B4ng = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t=20 cho m=E1=BB=99t tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng trung h=E1=BB=8Dc v=C3=A0 = m=E1=BB=99t con =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng =E1=BB=9F Tp HCM. Hi=E1=BB=87n=20 nay v=E1=BA=ABn c=C3=B2n t=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3ng =C3=B4ng =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t = t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=87n Ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF h=E1=BB=8Dc Vi=E1=BB=87t = Nam =C4=91=E1=BB=83 t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng nh=E1=BB=9B t=E1=BB=9Bi c=C3=B4ng = lao v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng =C4=91=C3=B3ng g=C3=B3p c=E1=BB=A7a =C3=B4ng = trong vi=E1=BB=87c ph=C3=A1t tri=E1=BB=83n ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF. 

N=C4=83m 2001=20 ngh=E1=BB=87 s=C4=A9 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam Nguy=E1=BB=85n =C4=90=C3=ACnh = =C4=90=C3=A1ng s=C3=A1ng t=C3=A1c m=E1=BB=99t b=E1=BB=A9c tranh t=C3=B4n = k=C3=ADnh Al=E1=BB=8Bchs=C6=A1n=20 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 v=C3=A0 Nguy=E1=BB=85n V=C4=83n = V=C4=A9nh. Ch=C3=BA th=C3=ADch 5 c=E1=BB=A7a Wikipedia v=E1=BB=81=20 Alexamdre de Rhodes b=E1=BA=B1ng ti=E1=BA=BFng Anh c=C3=B3 n=C3=B3i = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn bi=E1=BA=BFn c=E1=BB=91 n=C3=A0y.

  

 

 

 

 

B=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=E1=BB=93=20 "Annam" do Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) ph=C3=A1c ho=E1=BA=A1 cho = th=E1=BA=A5y "Cocincina" (=C4=90=C3=A0ng Trong,=20 tr=C3=A1i) and "Tvnkin" (=C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i, = ph=E1=BA=A3i).

 

 

 

S=C3=A1ch Gi=C3=A1o=20 L=C3=BD Vi=E1=BB=87t La do Alexandre de Rhodes so=E1=BA=A1n = th=E1=BA=A3o

 

M=E1=BB=99t trang=20 cu=E1=BB=91n t=E1=BB=B1 =C4=91i=E1=BB=81n do Alexandre de Rhodes = bi=C3=AAn so=E1=BA=A1n v=C3=A0 xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n n=C4=83m 1651, = Dictionarium=20 Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum. 

=C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 bi=C3=AAn=20 so=E1=BA=A1n nhi=E1=BB=81u cu=E1=BB=91n s=C3=A1ch v=E1=BB=81 = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam g=E1=BB=93m c=C3=B3:

Histoire=20 dv royavme de Tvnqvin,=20 (L=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD V=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Qu=E1=BB=91c = =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i), xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n t=E1=BA=A1i = R=C3=B4ma n=C4=83m 1650=20

Dictionarium=20 Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (T=E1=BB=B1 =C4=90i=E1=BB=83n = Vi=E1=BB=87t B=E1=BB=93 La), xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n = t=E1=BA=A1i R=C3=B4ma=20 n=C4=83m 1651

Rhodes=20 of Viet Nam: The Travels and Missions of Father Alexander de Rhodes in = China and=20 Other Kingdoms of the Orient=20 (=C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 c=E1=BB=A7a Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam: = H=C3=A0nh Tr=C3=ACnh v=C3=A0 Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o c=E1=BB=A7a Cha = Al=E1=BB=8Bchs=C6=A1n =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc=20 L=E1=BB=99), B=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch ti=E1=BA=BFng Anh  = xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n n=C4=83m 1966.

=C3=94ng bi=C3=AAn=20 so=E1=BA=A1n Tunchinensis histori=C3=A6 libri duo = (L=E1=BB=8Bch S=E1=BB=AD  =C4=90=C3=A0 ng Ngo=C3=A0i=20 Cu=E1=BB=91n Hai), xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n n=C4=83m 1652) = v=C3=A0 cu=E1=BB=91n La glorieuse mort d'Andr=C3=A9,=20 Cat=C3=A9chiste (C=C3=A1i Ch=E1=BA=BFt Vinh Hi=E1=BB=83n = C=E1=BB=A7a Th=E1=BA=A7y Gi=E1=BA=A3ng Anr=C3=AA, xu=E1=BA=A5t = b=E1=BA=A3n=20 n=C4=83m 1653), v=C3=A0 cu=E1=BB=91n Catechismus (Gi=C3=A1o = L=C3=BD, xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n n=C4=83m=20 1658).

=C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 tr=E1=BA=A3=C3=AC=20 qua 12 n=C4=83m t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u = h=E1=BB=8Dc h=E1=BB=8Fi d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi quy=E1=BB=81n m=E1=BB=99t linh = m=E1=BB=A5c d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn=20 kh=C3=A1c l=C3=A0 linh m=E1=BB=A5c Francisco de Pina. Ch=C3=BA = th=C3=ADch s=E1=BB=91 4 c=E1=BB=A7a Wikipwedia c=C3=B3 n=C3=B3i = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn=20 =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u n=C3=A0y.

 

 

II. Nh=E1=BB=AFng V=E1=BA=A5n =C4=90=E1=BB=81 = C=E1=BA=A7n Minh =C4=90=E1=BB=8Bnh

Ai = c=C5=A9ng c=C3=B3 quy=E1=BB=83n t=E1=BB=B1=20 do, nh=C6=B0ng c=C3=B3 tr=C3=A1ch nhi=E1=BB=87m, c=C3=B3 tri = th=E1=BB=A9c v=C3=A0 l=C3=BD lu=E1=BA=ADn khi ph=C3=A2n t=C3=ADch, = gi=E1=BA=A3i th=C3=ADch n=E1=BB=99i=20 dung nh=E1=BB=AFng t=E1=BB=AB ng=E1=BB=AF m=C3=A0 t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 = =C4=91=C3=A3 d=C3=B9ng. Nh=C6=B0ng n=E1=BA=BFu kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 = l=C3=BD ch=E1=BB=A9ng th=C3=ADch =C4=91=C3=A1ng v=C3=A0=20 thuy=E1=BA=BFt ph=E1=BB=A5c ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc, = th=C3=AC nh=E1=BB=AFng kh=E1=BA=B3ng =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh kia ch=E1=BB=89 = l=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng suy lu=E1=BA=ADn hay gi=E1=BA=A3=20 thuy=E1=BA=BFt v=C3=B5 =C4=91o=C3=A1n, thi=E1=BA=BFu tr=C3=A1ch = nhi=E1=BB=87m v=C3=A0 thi=E1=BA=BFu l=C6=B0=C6=A1ng t=C3=A2m, = thi=E1=BA=BFu hi=E1=BB=83u bi=E1=BA=BFt l=C3=A0nh m=E1=BA=A1nh,=20 kh=C3=B4ng h=C6=A1n kh=C3=B4ng k=C3=A9m. Nh=C6=B0ng n=E1=BA=BFu c=C3=B3 = ch=E1=BB=A7 =C3=BD xuy=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=A1c hay c=C3=B3 =C3=BD = hi=E1=BB=83u sai l=E1=BB=87ch hay=20 kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83 l=C4=A9nh h=E1=BB=99i =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = =C3=BD c=E1=BB=A7a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di vi=E1=BA=BFt hay n=C3=B3i ra, = th=C3=AC ta kh=C3=B4ng c=E1=BA=A7n b=C3=A0n lu=E1=BA=ADn.=20 N=C3=B3i nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BA=BF, ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di nh=E1=BA=ADn = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh kh=C3=B4ng h=E1=BB=81 c=C3=B3 ch=E1=BB=A7 =C3=BD = ph=C3=AA ph=C3=A1n hay b=C3=BAt chi=E1=BA=BFn v=E1=BB=9Bi b=E1=BA=A5t = k=E1=BB=B3=20 ai, m=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=89 mu=E1=BB=91n n=C3=AAu l=C3=AAn m=E1=BB=99t = th=E1=BB=B1c t=E1=BA=A1i. 

A. = =C3=9D ngh=C4=A9a m=E1=BB=99t=20 s=E1=BB=91 t=E1=BB=AB ng=E1=BB=AF li=C3=AAn quan =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = Alexandre de=20 Rhodes  

Ta = c=E1=BA=A7n x=C3=A1c =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh v=C3=A0=20 hi=E1=BB=83u =C3=BD ngh=C4=A9a c=C3=A1c t=E1=BB=AB ng=E1=BB=AF nh=C6=B0 = t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 v=C3=A0 c=E1=BB=99ng =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng = nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di li=C3=AAn h=E1=BB=87 = th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng hi=E1=BB=83u=20 trong th=E1=BB=9Di v=C3=A0 kh=C3=B4ng gian c=E1=BB=A5 th=E1=BB=83 hay = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m v=C3=A0 th=E1=BB=9Di gian c=E1=BB=A5=20 th=E1=BB=83. 

1. = Chi=E1=BA=BFn S=C4=A9=20 Ch=C3=BAa Kit=C3=B4 (qu=C3=A2n l=C3=ADnh, binh s=C4=A9, binh = l=C3=ADnh=E2=80=A6) v=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 t=E1=BB=AB c=C3=B3 = li=C3=AAn h=E1=BB=87 kh=C3=A1c:=20 Chinh Ph=E1=BB=A5c, M=E1=BB=9F Mang N=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc = Ch=C3=BAa 

N=C3=B3i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn Chi=E1=BA=BFn S=C4=A9=20 Ch=C3=BAa Kit=C3=B4, th=C3=AC ai l=C3=A0 t=C3=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=93 = c=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o hay ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=B3 ki=E1=BA=BFn = th=E1=BB=A9c, l=C3=BD tr=C3=AD ph=C3=A1n=20 =C4=91o=C3=A1n v=C3=A0 l=C6=B0=C6=A1ng t=C3=A2m s=C3=A1ng su=E1=BB=91t, = l=C3=A0nh m=E1=BA=A1nh =C4=91=E1=BB=81u hi=E1=BB=83u l=C3=A0 = nh=E1=BB=AFng t=C3=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=93 C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o nhi=E1=BB=87t = th=C3=A1nh s=E1=BB=91ng l=C3=BD t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng c=E1=BB=A7a = =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c tin C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o =E1=BB=9F tr=E1=BA=A7n gian = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c so s=C3=A1nh nh=C6=B0 chi=E1=BA=BFn s=C4=A9=20 chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u ch=E1=BB=91ng l=E1=BA=A1i nh=E1=BB=AFng = ph=E1=BA=A3n =E1=BB=A9ng, =C3=BD ngh=C4=A9, vi=E1=BB=87c l=C3=A0m, = th=C3=B3i quen v=C3=A0 khuynh h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng=20 x=E1=BA=A5u, m=C3=A0 tu =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c x=C6=B0a =C4=91=E1=BB=81u = n=C3=B3i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn =E2=80=93 ba th=C3=B9 =E2=80=9Cma = qu=E1=BB=89, th=E1=BA=BF gian, x=C3=A1c=20 th=E1=BB=8Bt=E2=80=9D[16] c=E1=BB=A7a con = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di. =C4=90i=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=C3=B3 c=C3=B3 v=E1=BA=BB = g=C3=A2y d=E1=BB=8B=20 =E1=BB=A9ng cho nhi=E1=BB=81u ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ho=E1=BA=B7c tr=C3=AD = th=E1=BB=A9c, hay t=C3=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=93 thu=E1=BB=99c c=C3=A1c = t=C3=B4n gi=C3=A1o kh=C3=A1c hay nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 t=C3=B4n gi=C3=A1o t=C3=ADn = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=A1ng.

Nh=C6=B0ng kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83 v=C3=A0=20 kh=C3=B4ng n=C3=AAn hi=E1=BB=83u l=C3=A0 binh s=C4=A9 c=E1=BA=A7m = v=C5=A9 kh=C3=AD gi=E1=BA=BFt th=C3=B9 trong m=E1=BB=99t qu=C3=A2n = =C4=91=E1=BB=99i th=E1=BA=BF t=E1=BB=A5c. V=C3=AC th=E1=BA=BF=20 kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83 v=E1=BB=8Bn v=C3=A0o c=C3=A1ch d=C3=B9ng = n=C3=A0y, m=C3=A0 g=C3=A1n gh=C3=A9p cho ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di C=C3=B4ng = gi=C3=A1o Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam l=C3=A0 tay=20 sai =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng l=C3=B5a v=E1=BB=9Bi th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n = ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng T=C3=A2y, d=C3=B9 m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=C3=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=93 C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o c=C3=B3 = th=E1=BB=83=20 c=E1=BA=ADy nh=E1=BB=9D v=C3=A0 b=C3=AAnh v=E1=BB=B1c nh=E1=BB=AFng = l=E1=BB=B1c l=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3ng b=C3=AAn ngo=C3=A0i, v=C3=AC ch=E1=BB=A7 = tr=C6=B0=C6=A1ng =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng l=E1=BB=91i=20 b=E1=BA=A3o v=E1=BB=87 t=E1=BB=B1 do ch=E1=BB=8Dn l=E1=BB=B1a = s=E1=BB=91ng =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh. 

a. Trong=20 th=E1=BA=A7n = h=E1=BB=8Dc gi=C3=A1o l=C3=BD "G=C3=AD=C3=A1o=20 H=E1=BB=99i C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o, C=C3=A1c Th=C3=A1nh c=C3=B9ng = th=C3=B4ng c=C3=B4ng", ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=C3=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=93 = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c gi=E1=BA=A3ng d=E1=BA=ADy l=C3=A0=20 nh=E1=BB=9D = ph=C3=A9p Th=C3=AAm S=E1=BB=A9c ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=C3=ADn = =C4=91=E1=BB=93=20 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c coi l=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng =C4=91=E1=BA=A7y = t=E1=BB=9B v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng binh l=C3=ADnh c=E1=BB=A7a = =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c=20 Kit=C3=B4.[17]

Trong = ng=E1=BB=AF c=C3=A0nh c=E1=BB=A7a=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng c=C3=A2u ch=E1=BB=AF =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c t=C3=A1c = gi=E1=BA=A3 d=C3=B9ng =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn c=C3=B3 nhi=E1=BB=81u ch=E1=BB=97 = s=E1=BB=AD d=E1=BB=A5ng nh=C6=B0 v=E1=BA=ADy, ch=E1=BA=B3ng=20 h=E1=BA=A1n:

Trong = cu=E1=BB=91n H=C3=A0nh=20 Tr=C3=ACnh V=C3=A0 Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o =E1=BB=9F =C4=90=C3=A0ng = Ngo=C3=A0i, =C3=B4ng =C4=91=C3=A3 = vi=E1=BA=BFt:

=E2=80=9CT=C3=B4i v=E1=BB=ABa r=E1=BB=9Di=20 kh=E1=BB=8Fi =C4=90=C3=A0ng Trong th=C3=AC ch=C3=ADn chi=E1=BA=BFn = s=C4=A9 vinh quang c=E1=BB=A7a Ch=C3=BAa Kit=C3=B4 t=C3=B4i = =C4=91=C3=A3 b=E1=BB=8F l=E1=BA=A1i=20 trong ng=E1=BB=A5c =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ch=E1=BB=91ng tr=E1=BA=A3 th=C3=B9 = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bch c=E1=BB=A7a Th=E1=BA=A7y li=E1=BB=81n b=E1=BB=8B = t=E1=BA=A5n c=C3=B4ng nh=C6=B0ng h=E1=BB=8D c=C6=B0=C6=A1ng = quy=E1=BA=BFt=20 chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u cho t=E1=BB=9Bi l=C3=BAc chi=E1=BA=BFm = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c tri=E1=BB=81u thi=C3=AAn cao = c=E1=BA=A3.=E2=80=9D[18]  

=E2=80=9CT=C3=B4i t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 Ph=C3=A1p l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o = =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c nh=E1=BA=A5t th=E1=BA=BF gi=E1=BB=9Bi, = n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc Ph=C3=A1p c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 cung c=E1=BA=A5p cho = t=C3=B4i m=E1=BA=A5y=20 chi=E1=BA=BFn s=C4=A9 =C4=91i chinh ph=E1=BB=A5c to=C3=A0n c=C3=B5i = =C3=90=C3=B4ng ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng =C4=91=C6=B0a v=E1=BB=81 qui = ph=E1=BB=A5c Ch=C3=BAa Kit=C3=B4 v=C3=A0=20 nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 t=C3=B4i s=E1=BA=BD t=C3=ACm =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = c=C3=A1c gi=C3=A1m m=E1=BB=A5c, cha ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i v=C3=A0 = th=E1=BA=A7y ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i trong c=C3=A1c=20 gi=C3=A1o =C4=91o=C3=A0n. V=E1=BB=9Bi =C3=BD =C4=91=C3=B3, t=C3=B4i = r=E1=BB=9Di b=E1=BB=8F R=C3=B4ma ng=C3=A0y 11 th=C3=A1ng 9 n=C4=83m 1652 = sau khi t=E1=BB=9Bi h=C3=B4n=20 ch=C3=A2n =C3=90=E1=BB=A9c Gi=C3=A1o = ho=C3=A0ng.=E2=80=9D[19]

Binh l=C3=ADnh Ch=C3=BAa=20 Kit=C3=B4 c=C3=B3 =C3=BD = ngh=C4=A9a si=C3=AAu nhi=C3=AAn kh=C3=A1c h=E1=BA=B3n,=20 ch=E1=BB=89 c=C3=B3 t=C3=ADnh c=C3=A1ch so s=C3=A1nh, =C4=91=E1=BB=91i = chi=E1=BA=BFu, kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83 l=E1=BA=A7m l=E1=BA=ABn = v=E1=BB=9Bi t=E1=BB=AB ng=E1=BB=AF =E2=80=9Cqu=C3=A2n binh,=20 binh l=C3=ADnh, qu=C3=A2n nh=C3=A2n, binh s=C4=A9=E2=80=9D = th=E1=BA=BF t=E1=BB=A5c m=C3=A0 t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 =C4=91=C3=A3 = =C4=91=E1=BB=81 c=E1=BA=ADp =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn. =E1=BB=9E nhi=E1=BB=81u=20 =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1n v=C4=83n kh=C3=A1c, =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 = =C4=91=C3=A3 d=C3=B9ng nh=E1=BB=AFng t=E1=BB=AB ng=E1=BB=AF ch=E1=BB=89 = binh s=C4=A9 th=E1=BA=BF t=E1=BB=A5c=20 n=C3=A0y: 

Khi = =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 =C4=91=E1=BB=A7 s=E1=BB=91=20 qu=C3=A2n binh th=C3=AC ho=C3=A0ng =C4=91=E1=BA=BF s=E1=BA=BD = th=E1=BA=A5y tham v=E1=BB=8Dng c=E1=BB=A7a h=E1=BB=8D = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c to=E1=BA=A1i nguy=E1=BB=87n v=C3=A0 th=E1=BA=ADt=20 nguy hi=E1=BB=83m cho ho=C3=A0ng =C4=91=E1=BA=BF. H=E1=BB=8D s=E1=BA=BD = d=C3=B9ng qu=C3=A2n binh =C4=91=C3=B3 ch=E1=BB=91ng l=E1=BA=A1i = ho=C3=A0ng =C4=91=E1=BA=BF, x=C3=BAi=20 gi=E1=BB=A5c ch=C3=BAng n=E1=BB=95i lo=E1=BA=A1n, vi=E1=BB=87n = c=E1=BB=9B t=C3=B4n gi=C3=A1o =C4=91=E1=BB=83 x=C3=A2m chi=E1=BA=BFm = h=E1=BA=BFt c=C3=A1c n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc l=C3=A2n c=E1=BA=ADn, nh=C6=B0 = h=E1=BA=BFt=20 c=C3=A1c n=C6=A1i tr=C3=AAn th=E1=BA=BF gi=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=91=C3=A3 = th=E1=BA=A5y. R=E1=BB=93i ch=E1=BA=B3ng bao l=C3=A2u s=E1=BA=BD = t=E1=BB=9Bi l=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3t ho=C3=A0ng =C4=91=E1=BA=BF, n=E1=BA=BFu = ho=C3=A0ng=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=BF kh=C3=B4ng b=E1=BA=AFt =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u =C4=91=E1=BB=81 = ph=C3=B2ng tham v=E1=BB=8Dng tai =C3=A1c n=C3=A0y=E2=80=9D. = [20] 

1.2. = =C3=9D ngh=C4=A9a ch=E1=BB=AF=20 l=C3=ADnh (soldat, soldier, miles) trong t=E1=BB=B1 =C4=91i=E1=BB=83n = Vi=E1=BB=87t Vi=E1=BB=87t website http://www.datviet.com/tudien= .html=20 gi=E1=BA=A3i th=C3=ADch l=C3=A0:

=E2=80=9C1. Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ph=E1=BB=A5c=20 v=E1=BB=A5 trong l=E1=BB=B1c l=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3ng v=C5=A9 trang = th=E1=BB=9Di h=C3=B2a b=C3=ACnh hay c=C3=B3 chi=E1=BA=BFn tranh, = v=E1=BB=9Bi t=C6=B0 c=C3=A1ch t=C3=ACnh=20 nguy=E1=BB=87n, =C4=91=C3=A1nh thu=C3=AA ho=E1=BA=B7c, t=E1=BA=A1i = nhi=E1=BB=81u n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc hi=E1=BB=87n nay, v=E1=BB=9Bi danh = ngh=C4=A9a th=E1=BB=B1c hi=E1=BB=87n m=E1=BB=99t=20 ngh=C4=A9a v=E1=BB=A5

2. = Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di l=C3=A0m=20 ngh=E1=BB=81 binh c=E1=BA=A5p th=E1=BA=A5p nh=E1=BA=A5t trong = th=E1=BB=9Di phong ki=E1=BA=BFn v=C3=A0 Ph=C3=A1p thu=E1=BB=99c: = l=C3=ADnh c=C6=A1, l=C3=ADnh kh=E1=BB=91=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=8F

3. = Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di l=C3=A0m m=E1=BB=99t=20 c=C3=B4ng t=C3=A1c th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng xuy=C3=AAn d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi = quy=E1=BB=81n =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u khi=E1=BB=83n c=E1=BB=A7a m=E1=BB=99t = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di, m=E1=BB=99t c=C6=A1 quan (tht=E1=BB=A5c):=20 l=C3=ADnh c=E1=BB=A7a m=E1=BB=99t c=C6=A1 quan=E2=80=9D

Thi=E1=BA=BFt t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng trong=20 b=E1=BB=91i c=E1=BA=A3nh th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XVII, ch=E1=BB=AF = l=C3=ADnh hay binh s=C4=A9 n=C3=A0y c=C5=A9ng kh=C3=B4ng = m=E1=BA=A5y thay =C4=91=E1=BB=95i=20 c=C3=A1ch hi=E1=BB=83u n=E1=BB=99i dung nh=C6=B0 v=E1=BA=ADy so = v=E1=BB=9Bi ng=C3=A0y nay.

Tr=C3=AAn ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng di=E1=BB=87n=20 d=E1=BB=8Bch thu=E1=BA=ADt c=C3=B3 th=E1=BA=BF c=C3=B3 nhi=E1=BB=81u = tranh c=C3=A3i. Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta l=C6=B0u =C3=BD m=E1=BB=99t = nguy=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=AFc =C4=91=C3=A1ng ch=C3=BA =C3=BD.=20 Ch=E1=BA=B3ng h=E1=BA=A1n v=E1=BB=81 cu=E1=BB=91n H=C3=A0nh Tr=C3=ACnh = v=C3=A0 Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o, c=C3=B3 b=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch = ti=E1=BA=BFng =C3=9D, r=E1=BB=93i =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c d=E1=BB=8Bch=20 sang ti=E1=BA=BFng Ph=C3=A1p th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XVII =

Do = =C4=91=E1=BA=A5y kh=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 l=C3=BD=20 lu=E1=BA=ADn c=C4=83n c=E1=BB=A9 v=C3=A0o b=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch = ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t c=E1=BB=A7a Nguy=E1=BB=85n Kh=E1=BA=AFc = Xuy=C3=AAn (binh l=C3=ADnh, qu=C3=A2n=20 binh, chi=E1=BA=BFn s=C4=A9). N=E1=BA=BFu l=C3=BD lu=E1=BA=ADn = ch=C3=ADnh x=C3=A1c =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn c=C3=B9ng, ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta = ph=E1=BA=A3i hi=E1=BB=83u =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c=20 ch=C3=ADnh c=C3=A2u ch=E1=BB=AF c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 = d=C3=B9ng v=C3=A0o th=E1=BB=9Di gian nh=E1=BA=A5t =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh = =E1=BB=9F th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XVII. B=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch=20 kh=C3=A1c v=E1=BB=9Bi nguy=C3=AAn b=E1=BA=A3n c=C3=B3 th=E1=BA=ADt = kh=C3=B4ng v=C3=A0 di=E1=BB=85n ra th=E1=BA=BF n=C3=A0o? =

C=C3=B2n ph=E1=BA=A3i =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t c=C3=A2u=20 n=C3=B3i c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 trong b=E1=BB=91i = c=E1=BA=A3nh l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD.

Th=E1=BB=B1c s=E1=BB=B1 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 v=E1=BA=ADn=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng v=E1=BB=9Bi R=C3=B4ma qu=C3=A1 l=C3=A2u m=C3=A0 = ch=C6=B0a c=C3=B3 k=E1=BA=BFt qu=E1=BA=A3. =C3=94ng quay ra v=E1=BA=ADn = =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng v=E1=BB=9Bi gi=E1=BB=9Bi C=C3=B4ng=20 gi=C3=A1o v=C3=A0 h=C3=A0ng gi=C3=A1o ph=E1=BA=A9m Ph=C3=A1p, kh=C3=B4ng = ph=E1=BA=A3i tr=E1=BB=B1c ti=E1=BA=BFp v=E1=BB=9Bi Louis XIV. L=C3=BAc = =C4=91=C3=B3, ch=C3=ADnh=20 quy=E1=BB=81n Ph=C3=A1p ch=C6=B0a quan t=C3=A2m =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = c=C3=B4ng cu=E1=BB=99c truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o c=C5=A9ng nh=C6=B0 = m=E1=BB=9F mang l=C3=A3nh th=E1=BB=95 =E1=BB=9F=20 ch=C3=A2u =C3=81, v=C3=AC Ph=C3=A1p =C4=91ang b=E1=BB=8B kh=E1=BB=A7ng = ho=E1=BA=A3ng v=C3=A0 b=E1=BA=ADn lo chi=E1=BA=BFn tranh v=E1=BB=9Bi=20 Anh.

Ch=E1=BB=89 t=E1=BB=AB sau c=C3=A1ch=20 m=E1=BA=A1ng Ph=C3=A1p 1789, v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 sau = th=E1=BB=9Di Napol=C3=A9on I (1769-1821)[21], Ph=C3=A1p m=E1=BB=9Bi = n=E1=BA=A9y sinh =C3=BD mu=E1=BB=91n c=E1=BA=A1nh tranh=20 v=E1=BB=9Bi Anh, v=C3=A0 =C4=91=C3=A3 t=C3=ACm c=C3=A1ch m=E1=BB=9F = r=E1=BB=99ng thu=E1=BB=99c =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba sang ch=C3=A2u =C3=81. = Th=E1=BB=B1c t=E1=BA=BF l=C3=A0 t=E1=BB=AB sau 1820,=20 Ph=C3=A1p m=E1=BB=9Bi b=E1=BA=AFt =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u d=C3=B2m ng=C3=B3 = c=C3=A1c thu=E1=BB=99c =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba kh=C3=A1c, v=C3=AC =C4=91=C3=A3 = m=E1=BA=A5t kh=C3=A1 nhi=E1=BB=81u quy=E1=BB=81n l=E1=BB=A3i = thu=E1=BB=99c=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba v=C3=A0o tay ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Anh (French Colonialism = in Asia)[22]

Nh=C6=B0 v=E1=BA=ADy kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83=20 g=C3=A1n gh=C3=A9p cho =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 nh=E1=BB=AFng = s=E1=BB=B1 ki=E1=BB=87n m=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=89 150 n=C4=83m sau m=E1=BB=9Bi = x=E1=BA=A3y ra khi =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 =C4=91=C3=A3=20 qua =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di. C=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u = g=E1=BB=8Di =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng chuy=E1=BB=87n = =E2=80=9Cr=C3=A2u =C3=B4ng c=E1=BA=AFm c=E1=BA=B1m = b=C3=A0=E2=80=9D=20 l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD v=C3=AC l=E1=BA=ABn l=E1=BB=99n ni=C3=AAn = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i. C=C3=A1c bi=E1=BA=BFn c=E1=BB=91 =C4=91=C3=B3 =  kh=C3=B4ng =C4=91=C3=ADnh d=C3=A1ng g=C3=AC =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99.=20 V=C3=A0 n=E1=BA=BFu c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=ABa sai Ph=C3=A1p, ch=E1=BA=B3ng = h=E1=BA=A1n nh=C6=B0 Puginier, l=C3=A0 m=C3=A3i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = th=E1=BB=9Di k=E1=BB=B3 H=E1=BB=99i Th=E1=BB=ABa Sai=20 Bal=C3=AA v=E1=BB=81 sau n=C3=A0y.

N=E1=BA=BFu cho l=C3=A0 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99=20 kh=C3=B4ng d=C3=ADnh d=C3=A1ng g=C3=AC v=C3=AC s=E1=BB=91ng =E1=BB=9F = ni=C3=AAn =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dc, th=C3=AC c=C5=A9ng = chu=E1=BA=A9n b=E1=BB=8B xa cho ch=E1=BB=A7 ngh=C4=A9a=20 th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n Ph=C3=A1p =E1=BB=9F th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 sau = n=C3=A0y, th=E1=BB=89 ph=C3=A1n =C4=91o=C3=A1n =C4=91=C3=B3 ch=E1=BB=89 = l=C3=A0 v=C3=B5 =C4=91o=C3=A1n c=C3=B3 =C3=A1c =C3=BD. V=C3=A0 = =C4=91=C3=A3=20 nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BA=BF, th=C3=AC ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta kh=C3=B4ng = c=E1=BA=A7n ph=E1=BA=A3i =C4=91=E1=BB=91i tho=E1=BA=A1i hay th=E1=BA=A3o = lu=E1=BA=ADn v=C3=AC gi=E1=BA=A3 thuy=E1=BA=BFt =C4=91=C3=B3=20 thi=E1=BA=BFu ngay th=E1=BA=B3ng v=C3=A0 v=C3=B4 tr=C3=A1ch = nhi=E1=BB=87m

Nhi=E1=BB=81u nh=C3=A0 ph=C3=AA b=C3=ACnh,=20 nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng nh=C3=A0 ph=C3=AA b=C3=ACnh m=C3=A1c = x=C3=ADt,  c=C5=A9ng th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng =C4=91=E1=BB=81 = c=E1=BA=ADp =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn Pigneaux de=20 B=C3=A9haine (B=C3=A1 =C4=90a L=E1=BB=99c), c=C3=A1o gi=C3=A1c =C3=B4ng = gi=C3=BAp Ch=C3=BAa Nguy=E1=BB=85n =C3=81nh, sau n=C3=A0y tr=E1=BB=9F = n=C3=AAn vua Gia=20 Long. Nh=C6=B0ng trong th=E1=BB=9Di gian v=C3=A0 kh=C3=B4ng gian = =C4=91=C3=B3, kh=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 v=C3=B5 =C4=91o=C3=A1n =C3=B4ng = =C4=91=C3=A3 mu=E1=BB=91n ph=E1=BB=A5c=20 v=E1=BB=A5 quy=E1=BB=81n l=E1=BB=A3i c=E1=BB=A7a Ph=C3=A1p, m=C3=A0 = ch=E1=BB=89 ch=C3=BA =C3=BD =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn l=C3=BD t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o.

 Th=E1=BB=B1c ra sau=20 c=C3=A1ch m=E1=BA=A1ng Ph=C3=A1p 1789, ch=C3=ADnh quy=E1=BB=81n = Ph=C3=A1p t=E1=BB=8F ra t=C3=ADch c=E1=BB=B1c ch=E1=BB=91ng l=E1=BA=A1i = gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i, c=C3=A1ch=20 ri=C3=AAng l=C3=A0 h=C3=A0ng gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9, n=C3=AAn c=C3=A1c = th=E1=BB=ABa sai Bal=C3=AA kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83 hay kh=C3=B4ng = mu=E1=BB=91n c=E1=BA=ADy nh=E1=BB=9D=20 v=C3=A0o ch=C3=ADnh quy=E1=BB=81n Ph=C3=A1p. H=E1=BB=8D ch=E1=BB=89 = c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 tr=C3=B4ng c=E1=BA=ADy v=C3=A0o s=E1=BB=B1 = y=E1=BB=83m tr=E1=BB=A3 c=E1=BB=A7a kh=E1=BB=91i C=C3=B4ng=20 gi=C3=A1o.

Pigneaux de B=C3=A9haine=20 (1741-1799), c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 hy v=E1=BB=8Dng n=E1=BA=BFu c=C3=B3 = m=E1=BB=99t =C3=B4ng vua nh=C6=B0 Constantine I hay Constantine=20 =C4=90=E1=BA=A1i =C4=90=E1=BA=BF (272-337), th=C3=AC C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o = c=C3=B3 c=C6=A1 h=E1=BB=99i thu=E1=BA=ADn ti=E1=BB=87n h=C6=A1n, =C3=ADt = ra l=C3=A0 b=E1=BB=9Bt b=E1=BB=8B ch=E1=BB=91ng=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=91i v=C3=A0 b=C3=A1ch h=E1=BA=A1i h=C6=A1n. Nh=E1=BB=AFng = vi=E1=BB=87c g=C3=A1n gh=C3=A9p cho =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 = nh=E1=BB=AFng chuy=E1=BB=87n =C3=B4ng kh=C3=B4ng h=E1=BB=81=20 l=C3=A0m l=C3=A0 vi=E1=BB=87c xuy=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=A1c c=C3=B3 =C3=A1c = =C3=BD, =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t t=E1=BB=B1 =C3=A1i d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c = kh=C3=B4ng =C4=91=C3=BAng ch=E1=BB=97, ch=E1=BB=89 mu=E1=BB=91n = n=E1=BA=A1i c=E1=BB=9B=20 =C4=91=C3=B3 =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ch=E1=BB=91ng =C4=91=E1=BB=91i hay = b=C3=A1ch h=E1=BA=A1i C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o

1.3. = C=C3=A1c  t=E1=BB=AB=20 ng=E1=BB=AF kh=C3=A1c nh=C6=B0 =E2=80=9Cchinh = ph=E1=BB=A5c=E2=80=9D =E2=80=9Cchi=E1=BA=BFm = =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1t=E2=80=9D hay m=E1=BB=9F mang = =E2=80=9Cn=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 Ch=C3=BAa=E2=80=9D kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83 hi=E1=BB=83u m=E1=BB=99t = c=C3=A1ch th=E1=BA=BF t=E1=BB=A5c nh=C6=B0 m=E1=BB=99t qu=C3=A2n = =C4=91=E1=BB=99i th=E1=BA=BF gian =C4=91i chinh=20 ph=E1=BB=A5c m=E1=BB=99t n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc th=E1=BA=BF t=E1=BB=A5c. = D=C3=B9 h=C3=A0nh =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o c=C3=B3 = th=E1=BB=83 l=C3=A0m cho nhi=E1=BB=81u ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=E1=BB=AB = b=E1=BB=8F=20 t=C3=ADn ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=A1ng c=C5=A9 c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh v=C3=A0 = tr=E1=BB=9F th=C3=A0nh t=C3=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=93 c=E1=BB=A7a c=C3=B4ng = =C4=91o=C3=A0n gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i m=E1=BB=9Bi. Ch=E1=BA=B3ng=20 h=E1=BA=A1n, =C4=91=E1=BB=99c gi=E1=BA=A3 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 = g=E1=BA=B7p nh=E1=BB=AFng c=C3=A2u ch=E1=BB=AF c=C3=B3 nh=E1=BB=AFng = t=E1=BB=AB ng=E1=BB=AF nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BA=BF:

 =E2=80=9CT=C3=B4i=20 khuy=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BA=A3 c=C3=A1c v=E1=BB=8B nhi=E1=BB=87t = t=C3=A2m mu=E1=BB=91n t=E1=BB=9Bi nh=E1=BB=AFng t=E1=BB=89nh d=C3=B2ng = ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i =C4=91=E1=BB=83 chinh=20 ph=E1=BB=A5c c=C3=A1c linh h=E1=BB=93n, th=C3=AC n=C3=AAn = chuy=C3=AAn c=E1=BA=A7n ngay t=E1=BB=AB bu=E1=BB=95i = =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u=E2=80=9D=20

=E2=80=9CT=C3=B4i r=E1=BA=A5t h=E1=BB=9Bn h=E1=BB=9F=20 tr=E1=BA=A9y =C4=91i, v=C3=A0o =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u th=E1=BA=B1ng 6 n=C4=83m = 1640, hy v=E1=BB=8Dng =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c l=C3=B2ng ch=C3=BAa v=C3=A0 = t=C3=A1i l=E1=BA=ADp n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 Ch=C3=BAa Kit=C3=B4, trong l=C3=A3nh th=E1=BB=95 = n=C3=A0y=E2=80=9D [23]

Theo = =C3=BD ki=E1=BA=BFn c=E1=BB=A7a m=E1=BB=99t=20 t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3, th=C3=AC,

=E2=80=9CSoldat: 1. Homme=20 =C3=A9quip=C3=A9 et instruit par l'Etat pour la d=C3=A9fense du pays. =

2. = Tout homme qui=20 sert ou qui a servi dans les arm=C3=A9es.  

D=E1=BB=8Bch: 1. Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c=20 nh=C3=A0 n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc trang b=E1=BB=8B v=C3=A0 hu=E1=BA=A5n = luy=E1=BB=87n =C4=91=E1=BB=83 b=E1=BA=A3o v=E1=BB=87 x=E1=BB=A9 = s=E1=BB=9F.

2. = B=E1=BA=A5t k=E1=BB=B3 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di n=C3=A0o=20 ph=E1=BB=A5c v=E1=BB=A5 ho=E1=BA=B7c =C4=91=C3=A3 ph=E1=BB=A5c = v=E1=BB=A5 trong qu=C3=A2n =C4=91=E1=BB=99i.

Nh=C6=B0 v=E1=BA=ADy=20 "soldat" bao h=C3=A0m =C3=BD ngh=C4=A9a qu=C3=A2n s=E1=BB=B1, = qu=C3=A2n =C4=91=E1=BB=99i. =C4=90=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = m=C3=A0 nhi=E1=BB=87m v=E1=BB=A5 l=C3=A0=20 l=C3=A0m chi=E1=BA=BFn tranh, chi=E1=BA=BFn tranh ph=C3=B2ng v=E1=BB=87 = hay chi=E1=BA=BFn tranh x=C3=A2m l=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c, d=C3=B9 l=C3=A0 = ngh=C4=A9a =C4=91en=20 hay ngh=C4=A9a b=C3=B3ng. Trong t=C3=B4n gi=C3=A1o, d=C3=B9ng = ch=E1=BB=AF "soldat" kh=C3=B4ng l=C3=A0m m=E1=BA=A5t =C4=91i c=C3=A1i = =C3=BD ngh=C4=A9a=20 =C4=91=C3=A1nh nhau. D=C3=B9 =C4=91=C3=A1nh nhau v=C3=AC ch=C3=A2n = l=C3=BD =C4=91i n=E1=BB=AFa, th=C3=AC c=C5=A9ng =C4=91=C3=A1nh nhau = v=C3=A0 =C4=91=C3=A1nh nhau v=C3=AC=20 ch=C3=A2n l=C3=BD th=C3=AC gh=C3=AA r=E1=BB=A3n l=E1=BA=AFm. = =C4=90=E1=BB=ABng tr=C3=A1ch ai d=E1=BB=8Bch soldat l=C3=A0 "binh = s=C4=A9".=20 =E2=80=9C[24]

Nh=C6=B0ng n=E1=BA=BFu con ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u ch=E1=BB=91ng l=E1=BA=A1i m=E1=BB=99t = c=C3=A1ch ngay th=E1=BA=B3ng c=C3=A1i b=E1=BA=A5t nh=C3=A2n, b=E1=BA=A5t = c=C3=B4ng v=C3=A0 b=E1=BA=A5t l=C6=B0=C6=A1ng r=C3=B5=20 r=E1=BB=87t =E1=BB=9F trong ch=C3=ADnh b=E1=BA=A3n th=C3=A2n m=C3=ACnh = hay =E1=BB=9F nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di x=E1=BA=A5u, th=C3=AC = sao? Ph=C3=A1n =C4=91o=C3=A1n m=E1=BB=99t=20 c=C3=A1ch l=C3=A0nh m=E1=BA=A1nh, ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta kh=C3=B4ng = th=E1=BB=83 hi=E1=BB=83u ch=E1=BB=AF binh l=C3=ADnh =E2=80=A6 kia theo = ng=C4=A9a th=E1=BA=BF=20 t=E1=BB=A5c.
 

B. = Ph=E1=BA=A3i ch=C4=83ng=20 Alexandre de Rhodes v=E1=BB=ABa l=C3=A0 nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n = gi=C3=A1o v=E1=BB=ABa l=C3=A0m gi=C3=A1n = =C4=91i=E1=BB=87p? 

M=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 coi=20 Alexandre de Rhodes l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n = gi=C3=A1o =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng th=E1=BB=9Di c=C5=A9ng l=C3=A0m gi=C3=A1n = di=E1=BB=87p? Nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BA=BF=20 c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai c=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o =C4=91=E1=BB=81u l=C3=A0 = nh=E1=BB=AFng gi=C3=A1n =C4=91i=E1=BB=87p cho ch=E1=BB=A7 ngh=C4=A9a = th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n =C4=91=E1=BA=BF qu=E1=BB=91c?=20

L=E1=BA=ADp lu=E1=BA=ADn =C4=91=C3=B3 c=C3=B3 t=C3=ADnh=20 c=C3=A1ch v=C5=A9 =C4=91o=C3=A0n, ph=E1=BB=95 qu=C3=A1t h=C3=B3a v=C3=A0 = k=E1=BA=BFt lu=E1=BA=ADn ki=E1=BB=83u =E2=80=9Cv=C6=A1 =C4=91=C5=A9a = c=E1=BA=A3 n=E1=BA=AFm=E2=80=9D v=E1=BB=99i v=C3=A0ng. L=E1=BA=ADp=20 lu=E1=BA=ADn =C4=91=C3=B3 c=E1=BA=A7n nh=E1=BB=AFng b=E1=BA=B1ng = ch=E1=BB=A9ng hi=E1=BB=83n nhi=C3=AAn thuy=E1=BA=BFt ph=E1=BB=A5c = =C4=91i theo. V=C3=A0 nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt n=E1=BB=8D hay=20 =C4=91o=C3=A0n th=E1=BB=83 n=C3=A0o =C4=91=C3=B3 n=C3=B3i hay l=C3=A0m = m=E1=BB=99t =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng nh=C6=B0 c=C3=B3 = l=E1=BB=A3i hay y=E1=BB=83m tr=E1=BB=A3 th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n,=20 trong ho=C3=A0n c=E1=BA=A3nh c=C3=A1 nh=C3=A2n hay =C4=91o=C3=A0n = th=E1=BB=83 =E1=BA=A5y b=E1=BB=8B ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=E1=BB=A7a = tri=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=C3=ACnh b=E1=BB=8F r=C6=A1i, =C4=91e d=E1=BB=8Da=20 hay =C4=91=C3=A0n =C3=A1p, v=C3=AC tin theo =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o m=E1=BB=9Bi = m=C3=A0 tri=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=C3=ACnh  v=C3=A0 quan l=E1=BA=A1i = th=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91=C3=B3 coi l=C3=A0=20 =E2=80=9C=C4=91=E1=BA=A1o r=E1=BB=91i=E2=80=9D, th=C3=AC kh=C3=B4ng = ph=E1=BA=A3i to=C3=A0n th=E1=BB=83 gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i hay t=C3=ADn = =C4=91=E1=BB=93 c=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o =C4=91=E1=BB=81u nh=C6=B0 = th=E1=BA=BF m=E1=BB=8Di=20 l=C3=BAc v=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=8Di n=C6=A1i.

V=E1=BA=A3 l=E1=BA=A1i theo t=C3=A2m l=C3=BD,=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ngo=E1=BA=A1i qu=E1=BB=91c m=E1=BB=9Bi t=E1=BB=9Bi = m=E1=BB=99t n=C6=A1i, hay ch=E1=BB=A9ng ki=E1=BA=BFn m=E1=BB=99t = s=E1=BB=B1 m=E1=BB=9Bi l=E1=BA=A1, th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng t=C3=B2 m=C3=B2=20 nhi=E1=BB=81u h=C6=A1n ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=E1=BB=ABng s=E1=BB=91ng = =E1=BB=9F b=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A2u n=C4=83m, = nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91=C3=B3 l=E1=BA=A1i c=C3=B3 = m=E1=BB=99t=20 tr=C3=ACnh =C4=91=E1=BB=99 ki=E1=BA=BFn th=E1=BB=A9c hay =C3=B3c quan = s=C3=A1t nh=E1=BA=A5t =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh. Kh=C3=B4ng ph=E1=BA=A3i ai = n=C3=B3i chi ti=E1=BA=BFt =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn m=E1=BB=99t=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc, m=E1=BB=99t qu=C3=A2n = =C4=91=E1=BB=99i, t=C3=A0i nguy=C3=AAn nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt l=E1=BB=B1c = v=C3=A0 c=C3=A1c =C4=91=E1=BA=B7c =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m c=E1=BB=A7a = m=E1=BB=99t c=C3=A1 nh=C3=A2n=20 hay t=E1=BA=ADp th=E1=BB=83 th=E1=BB=89 =C4=91=E1=BB=81u l=C3=A0 = gi=C3=A1n =C4=91i=E1=BB=87p. D=C3=B9 v=E1=BA=ADy, th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n = x=C3=A2m l=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 s=E1=BB=AD d=E1=BB=A5ng = nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 m=C3=B4 t=E1=BA=A3 theo ki=E1=BA=BFn th=E1=BB=A9c v=C3=A0 quan s=C3=A1t = c=E1=BB=A7a nh=E1=BA=A3 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o, nh=C6=B0ng = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 th=E1=BB=B1c hi=E1=BB=87n cho m=E1=BB=A5c=20 ti=C3=AAu th=E1=BA=BF t=E1=BB=A5c ri=C3=AAng c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh =

C=E1=BA=A7n ph=C3=A2n bi=E1=BB=87t ki=E1=BA=BFn=20 th=E1=BB=A9c th=E1=BB=A7 =C4=91=E1=BA=AFc c=E1=BB=A7a m=E1=BB=99t = =C4=91i=E1=BB=87p vi=C3=AAn c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 ho=C3=A0n to=C3=A0n do = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =E1=BA=A5y =C4=91=C3=BAc k=E1=BA=BFt v=C3=A0 t=C3=ACm = ki=E1=BA=BFm,=20 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 nh=E1=BB=9D t=C6=B0 li=E1=BB=87u c=E1=BB=A7a = nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di kh=C3=A1c c=C3=B3 = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c do ho=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng chuy=C3=AAn = bi=E1=BB=87t n=C3=A0o =C4=91=C3=B3=20 nh=C6=B0ng kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 ch=E1=BB=A7 =C3=BD cung c=E1=BA=A5p cho = ho=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng t=C3=ACnh b=C3=A1o. Ta kh=C3=B4ng = th=E1=BB=83 coi nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=B3 ki=E1=BA=BFn th=E1=BB=A9c v=C3=A0 =C3=B3c = quan s=C3=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ph=C3=A2n t=C3=ADch v=C3=A0 hi=E1=BB=83u = bi=E1=BA=BFt =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u n=C3=A0y =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u n=E1=BB=8D,=20 hay ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di n=C3=A0y ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di kia do ngh=E1=BB=81 = nghi=E1=BB=87p c=E1=BB=A7a h=E1=BB=8D, =C4=91=E1=BB=81u l=C3=A0 =  t=C3=ACnh b=C3=A1o hay gi=C3=A1n=20 =C4=91i=E1=BB=87p.

Khuynh h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng c=E1=BB=A7a=20 nhi=E1=BB=81u ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di l=C3=A0m gi=C3=A1n =C4=91i=E1=BB=87p = hay l=C3=A0m t=C3=ACnh b=C3=A1o c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 mu=E1=BB=91n = c=C3=A0i ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di hay l=E1=BB=A3i d=E1=BB=A5ng=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o v=C3=A0 ki=E1=BA=BFn = th=E1=BB=A9c hay h=C3=A0nh =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng c=E1=BB=A7a h=E1=BB=8D = v=C3=A0o m=E1=BB=A5c =C4=91=C3=ADch c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh,=20 d=C3=B9 nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o hay t=C3=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=93 = =C4=91=C3=B3 c=C3=B3 =C3=BD th=E1=BB=A9c hay kh=C3=B4ng. C=C3=A2u = n=C3=B3i c=E1=BB=A7a Ho=C3=A0ng=20 H=C6=B0ng trong B=C3=A1o Lao =C4=90=E1=BB=99ng g=C3=A1n cho = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99; =E2=80=9CCh=C3=BAng ta l=C3=A0 = nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 l=C3=ADnh... ch=C3=BAng ta c=C3=B3 b=E1=BB=95n ph=E1=BA=ADn = =C4=91i m=E1=BB=9F mang b=E1=BB=9D c=C3=B5i=E2=80=9D = =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c di=E1=BB=85n d=E1=BB=8Bch=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=83 k=E1=BA=BFt lu=E1=BA=ADn c=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o l=C3=A0m tay sai cho th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n = =C4=91i chi=E1=BA=BFm n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 kh=C3=A1c. 

B=C3=B9i=20 Kha tr=C3=ADch d=E1=BA=ABn = theo B=E1=BA=A3n D=E1=BB=8Bch H=E1=BB=93ng Nhu=E1=BB=87=20 Nguy=E1=BB=85n Kh=E1=BA=AFc Xuy=C3=AAn nguy=C3=AAn b=E1=BA=A3n = cu=E1=BB=91n: DIVERS VOYAGES ET MISSIONS  DU PERE=20 ALEXANDRE DE RHODES EN LA CHINE ET AUTRES ROYAUMES DE L' ORIENT,,, = Paris,=20 Cramoisy, 1653. kh=E1=BB=95 s=C3=A1ch (nguy=C3=AAn b=E1=BA=A3n v=C3=A0 = b=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch): 13 x 19 cm (Nguy=C3=AAn b=E1=BA=A3n=20 Troisi=C3=A8me partie, Chapitre XIX, tt. 78 - = 79.) 

Vi=E1=BB=87c gh=C3=A9p nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt=20 v=C3=A0 s=E1=BB=B1 ki=E1=BB=87n v=C3=A0 gi=E1=BA=A3i th=C3=ADch t=C3=B9y = ti=E1=BB=87n m=C3=A0 kh=C3=B4ng ch=C3=BA =C3=BD hay l=E1=BA=ABn = l=E1=BB=99n khi =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt v=C3=A0=20 s=E1=BB=B1 ki=E1=BB=87n =E1=BA=A5y trong b=E1=BB=91i c=E1=BA=A3nh = th=E1=BB=9Di gian kh=C3=B4ng gian l=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng ph=C3=A1n = =C4=91o=C3=A1n, l=E1=BA=ADp lu=E1=BA=ADn=20 th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng th=E1=BA=A5y trong nhi=E1=BB=81u b=C3=A0i = vi=E1=BA=BFt c=E1=BB=A7a nhi=E1=BB=81u t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 vi=E1=BA=BFt = v=E1=BB=81 th=E1=BB=83 k=E1=BB=B7 =C4=91=C3=A3=20 qua.

Ch=E1=BA=B3ng h=E1=BA=A1n c=C3=B3 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 l=E1=BA=A7m l=E1=BA=ABn nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc = L=E1=BB=99 (th=E1=BB=83 k=E1=BB=B7 XVII) v=E1=BB=9Bi B=C3=A1 =C4=90a = L=E1=BB=99c (th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XVIII) s=E1=BB=91ng trong=20 c=C3=B9ng th=E1=BB=9Di gian trong nhi=E1=BB=81u t=C3=A1c ph=E1=BA=A9m = xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n sau 30/4/1975, Nh=E1=BB=AFng c=C3=B4ng = tr=C3=ACnh n=C3=A0y=20 =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ph=E1=BB=95 bi=E1=BA=BFn =E1=BB=9F = mi=E1=BB=81n Nam Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam v=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = vi=E1=BA=BFt b=E1=BA=A5t ch=E1=BB=A3t =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c. Khi nghi=C3=AAn=20 c=E1=BB=A9u ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di vi=E1=BA=BFt kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 = s=E1=BA=B5n nh=E1=BB=AFng t=C3=A1c ph=E1=BA=A9m c=E1=BB=A5 th=E1=BB=83 = =E1=BA=A5y =C4=91=E1=BB=83 d=E1=BA=ABn=20 ch=E1=BB=A9ng.  

C. = T=E1=BB=AB Alexandre=20 de Rhodes =C4=90=E1=BA=BFn =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BB=81 D=C3=B2ng = T=C3=AAn (The Jesuit Oath)=E2=80=9D  

G=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91=C3=A2y c=C3=B3 t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3=20 nh=E1=BA=AFc =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn =E2=80=9Ct=E1=BB=99i=E2=80=9D c=E1=BB=A7a = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 c=C3=B3 li=C3=AAn quan =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = c=C3=A1i g=E1=BB=8Di l=C3=A0  =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BB=81 = c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng=20 T=C3=AAn =E2=80=9C (The Jesuit Oath =E2=80=93 The Serment Jesuite). =

L=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=A1o bu=E1=BB=99c =E1=BA=A5y=20 ph=E1=BA=A7n l=E1=BB=9Bn =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c m=E1=BB=99t = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=E1=BB=B1 x=C6=B0ng l=C3=A0 =E2=80=9Cc=E1=BB=B1u = linh m=E1=BB=A5c d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn=E2=80=9D l=E1=BA=B7p l=E1=BA=A1i = v=C3=A0 th=E1=BB=95i ph=E1=BB=93ng=20 l=C3=AAn. =C4=90=E1=BA=A5y l=C3=A0 nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt = Alberto Rivera[25] chuy=E1=BB=83n = h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng kh=E1=BB=8Fi d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn n=C4=83m 1967 v=C3=A0 = =C4=91=C3=A3 ph=E1=BA=A3n =E1=BB=A9ng ch=E1=BB=91ng l=E1=BA=A1i = D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn, c=C3=B3 c=E1=BA=A3 tr=C3=AAn m=E1=BA=A1ng Youtube = tr=C3=AAn=20 Internet. 

Th=E1=BB=B1c s=E1=BB=B1, theo=20 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u c=E1=BB=A7a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di bi=C3=AAn = kh=E1=BA=A3o b=C3=A0i vi=E1=BA=BFt n=C3=A0y, c=C3=A1i g=E1=BB=8Di = l=C3=A0 =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BB=81 C=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng = T=C3=AAn=E2=80=9D=20 l=C3=A0 s=E1=BA=A3n ph=E1=BA=A9m t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng t=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3ng = c=E1=BB=A7a nhi=E1=BB=81u th=C3=A0nh ph=E1=BA=A7n kh=C3=A1c nhau c=C3=B3 = th=C3=A0nh ki=E1=BA=BFn v=E1=BB=9Bi D=C3=B2ng=20 T=C3=AAn. C=C3=A1i =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c d=E1=BB=B1ng n=C3=AAn = th=C3=A0nh =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BB=81 B=C3=AD M=E1=BA=ADt = c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn=E2=80=9D xu=E1=BA=A5t hi=E1=BB=87n = l=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u n=E1=BA=A3m=20 1848.

S=E1=BB=B1 ki=E1=BB=87n n=C3=A0y tr=C3=B9ng=20 h=E1=BB=A3p v=E1=BB=9Bi th=E1=BB=9Di gian D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn b=E1=BB=8B = nhi=E1=BB=81u th=C3=A0nh ph=E1=BA=A7n hi=E1=BB=83u l=E1=BA=A7m, = gh=C3=A9t b=E1=BB=8F v=C3=A0 b=C3=A1ch h=E1=BA=A1i =C4=91=E1=BB=83=20 c=C3=B4 l=E1=BA=ADp, m=E1=BA=B7c d=C3=B9 cu=E1=BB=99c c=E1=BA=A5m = c=C3=A1ch D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =C4=91=C3=A3 ch=E1=BA=A5m d=E1=BB=A9t = t=E1=BB=AB n=C4=83m 1814. Alberto Rivera=20 khai tri=E1=BB=83n th=C3=AAm, v=C3=A0 c=C3=A0ng l=C3=A0m cho s=E1=BA=A3n = ph=E1=BA=A9m ng=E1=BB=A5y t=E1=BA=A1o kia thi=E1=BA=BFu t=C3=ADnh = c=C3=A1ch =C4=91=E1=BB=A9ng =C4=91=E1=BA=AFn,=20 ki=E1=BB=83u =E2=80=9CT=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng=20 Gia T=C3=B4 B=C3=AD L=E1=BB=A5c=E2=80=9D[26]. Cu=E1=BB=91n n=C3=A0y = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c Ng=C3=B4 =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c Th=E1=BB=8D, c=C3=A1n = b=E1=BB=99=20 trong Vi=E1=BB=87n H=C3=A1n N=C3=B4m H=C3=A0 N=E1=BB=99i d=E1=BB=8Bch = t=E1=BB=AB H=C3=A1n N=C3=B4m sang qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF. =

Trong = =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u ki=E1=BB=87n c=E1=BB=A7a=20 ch=E1=BA=BF =C4=91=E1=BB=99 x=C3=A3 h=E1=BB=99i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam = ng=C3=A0y nay, m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u = ch=E1=BB=A7 =C3=BD khai th=C3=A1c v=E1=BB=81=20 =E2=80=9Cnh=E1=BB=AFng =C3=BD =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh v=C3=A0 h=C3=A0nh = =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng t=C3=A0n =C3=A1c c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng = T=C3=AAn=E2=80=9D trong nhi=E1=BB=87m v=E1=BB=A5 b=E1=BA=A3o = v=E1=BB=87=20 truy=E1=BB=81n th=E1=BB=91ng ch=C3=ADnh th=E1=BB=91ng v=E1=BA=ABn = c=C3=B3 c=E1=BB=A7a gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i.

=C4=90i=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=C3=B3 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 =E1=BA=A3nh=20 h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn uy t=C3=ADn c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng = T=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam. Nh=C6=B0ng trong b=E1=BA=A7u = kh=C3=AD t=E1=BB=B1 do truy=E1=BB=81n=20 th=E1=BB=91ng v=C3=A0 ng=C3=B4n lu=E1=BA=ADn, c=C3=A1i g=E1=BB=8Di = l=C3=A0 =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BB=81 c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng = T=C3=AA=E2=80=9D kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 t=C3=A1c d=E1=BB=A5ng ph=C3=A1 = ho=E1=BA=A1i=20 t=E1=BA=A1i ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng T=C3=A2y, d=C3=B9 trong Qu=E1=BB=91c = H=E1=BB=99i Hoa K=E1=BB=B3 c=C3=B3 ghi l=E1=BA=A1i =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Di = Tuy=C3=AAn Th=E1=BB=87=E2=80=9Dd=E1=BB=91i tr=C3=A1 c=C3=B3=20 n=E1=BB=99i dung c=C6=A1 b=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=C3=B3 nh=C6=B0 = sau. 

L=E1=BA=ADp Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng Nh=C3=ACn=20 Nh=E1=BA=ADn =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BB=81 D=C3=B2ng = T=C3=AAn=E2=80=9D L=C3=A0 C=C3=B3 = Th=E1=BA=ADt 

a. = William=20 Arthur Noble (1866-1945) l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9 = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o gi=C3=A1o ph=C3=A1i Tin L=C3=A0nh T=C3=A1i = T=E1=BA=A9y=20 (Baptist)[27]. B=C3=A0i vi=E1=BA=BFt = c=E1=BB=A7a =C3=B4ng n=C3=A0y =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c nhi=E1=BB=81u = t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3=20 ch=E1=BB=91ng C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o tr=C3=ADch l=E1=BA=A1i =C4=91=E1=BB=83 = c=E1=BB=A7ng c=E1=BB=91 l=E1=BA=ADp tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng c=E1=BB=A7a = m=C3=ACnh, k=E1=BB=83 c=E1=BA=A3 website ti=E1=BA=BFng=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t, =C4=91=E1=BA=B7c bi=E1=BB=87t l=C3=A0 Nh=C3=B3m Giao = =C4=90i=E1=BB=83m

b. = =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BB=81 D=C3=B2ng=20 T=C3=AAn=E2=80=9D[28] theo t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 = n=C3=A0y l=C3=A0 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=B1c. =C4=90=E1=BA=B7c bi=E1=BB=87t=20 l=C3=A0 =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BA=BF =C4=91=C3=B3=E2=80=9D c=C3=B3 = trong V=C4=83n Kh=E1=BB=91 c=E1=BB=A7a Qu=E1=BB=91c H=E1=BB=99i Hoa = K=E1=BB=B3. B=E1=BB=91i c=E1=BA=A3nh khi =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 = cu=E1=BB=99c=20 b=E1=BA=A7u c=E1=BB=AD ch=C3=ADnh tr=E1=BB=8B n=C4=83m 1912, =E1=BB=A9ng = c=E1=BB=AD vi=C3=AAn C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o b=E1=BB=8B ch=E1=BB=89 = tr=C3=ADch v=C3=AC c=C3=B3 =E2=80=9CThe Jesuit=20 Oath=E2=80=9D =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c nhi=E1=BB=81u c=E1=BB=AD tri l = =C3=BAc =C4=91=C3=B3 coi l=C3=A0 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BA=ADt!

c.=20 Website=20 newadvent.org/[29] c=E1=BB=A7a nh=C3=B3m = ch=E1=BB=A7 tr=C6=B0=C6=A1ng bi=C3=AAn so=E1=BA=A1n=20 W=C3=ACkipedia v=C3=A0 Catholic encyclopedia c=C3=B3 nh=E1=BB=AFng = l=E1=BA=ADp lu=E1=BA=ADn ch=E1=BB=91ng D=C3=B2ng=20 T=C3=AAn. 

L=E1=BA=ADp Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng Nh=C3=ACn=20 Nh=E1=BA=ADn L=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BB=81 C=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn = L=C3=A0 Kh=C3=B4ng C=C3=B3 Th=E1=BA=ADt 

a. = Shaun=20 Willcock[30], m=E1=BB=99t t=C3=A1c = gi=E1=BA=A3 Tin L=C3=A0nh ch=E1=BA=A5p nh=E1=BA=ADn b=E1=BA=A3n=20 v=C4=83n L=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BB=81 D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn l=C3=A0 gi=E1=BA=A3 = m=E1=BA=A1o. Nh=C6=B0ng tr=E1=BB=B1c t=E1=BA=BF D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn = c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 h=C3=A0nh =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng ki=E1=BB=83u=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=99c =C3=A1c nh=C6=B0 v=E1=BA=ADy?

b. = D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =E1=BA=A4n=20 =C4=90=E1=BB=99[31] n=C4=83m 2003 minh = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh tu s=C4=A9 D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn=20 kh=C3=B4ng h=E1=BB=81 c=C3=B3 L=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BA=BF nh=C6=B0 = v=E1=BA=ADy

c. = T=E1=BB=9D B=C3=A1o=20 New = York=20 Times[32] cu=E1=BB=91i Th=E1=BA=BF = K=E1=BB=B7 XIX nh=C3=ACn nh=E1=BA=ADn D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn=20 kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 l=E1=BB=9Di = th=E1=BB=81 nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BA=BF v=C3=A0 =C4=91=C3=A3 khi=E1=BA=BFu=20 ki=E1=BB=87n nh=E1=BB=AFng ai vu kh=E1=BB=91ng D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn = nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BA=BF v=E1=BB=81 t=E1=BB=99i ph=E1=BB=89=20 b=C3=A1ng 

D. = L=E1=BB=8Bch S=E1=BB=AD Ch=C3=ADnh=20 Th=E1=BB=A9c V=E1=BB=81 D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn Th=E1=BA=BF = Gi=E1=BB=9Bi 

V=C3=80I=20 N=C3=89T V=E1=BB=80 D=C3=92NG T=C3=8AN HO=C3=80N = C=E1=BA=A6U[33] I-NH=C3=83 = LOYOLA V=C3=80 =C4=90O=C3=80N=20 GI=C3=8ASU  

N=C4=83m=20 1521, trong l=C3=BAc b=E1=BA=A3o v=E1=BB=87 th=C3=A0nh Pamplona = ch=E1=BB=91ng l=E1=BA=A1i s=E1=BB=B1 t=E1=BA=A5n c=C3=B4ng c=E1=BB=A7a = qu=C3=A2n Ph=C3=A1p, ch=C3=A0ng=20 hi=E1=BB=87p s=C4=A9 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di x=E1=BB=A9 Basco, I=C3=B1igo = Lop=C3=A9z de Loyola (1491-1556), =C4=91=C3=A3 b=E1=BB=8B b=E1=BA=AFn = tr=E1=BB=8Dng=20 th=C6=B0=C6=A1ng.  Trong th=E1=BB=9Di gian d=C6=B0=E1=BB=A1ng = th=C6=B0=C6=A1ng, ch=C3=A0ng =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c =C6=A1n ho=C3=A1n = c=E1=BA=A3i v=C3=A0 quy=E1=BA=BFt t=C3=A2m=20 thay =C4=91=E1=BB=95i cu=E1=BB=99c s=E1=BB=91ng.  Sau khi =C4=91i = l=E1=BA=A1i =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c, ch=C3=A0ng quy=E1=BA=BFt t=C3=A2m = l=C3=AAn =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng =C4=91i =C4=90=E1=BA=A5t=20 Th=C3=A1nh v=C3=A0 d=E1=BB=B1 =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh s=E1=BA=BD =E1=BB=9F = l=E1=BA=A1i =C4=91=C3=B3 lu=C3=B4n. Tr=C3=AAn =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng = h=C3=A0nh h=C6=B0=C6=A1ng, I=C3=B1igo =C4=91=C3=A3 l=C6=B0u l=E1=BA=A1i = =E1=BB=9F=20 Manresa g=E1=BA=A7n Barcelona m=E1=BB=99t th=E1=BB=9Di gian. T=E1=BA=A1i = =C4=91=C3=A2y, ch=C3=A0ng c=C3=B3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c nhi=E1=BB=81u = kinh nghi=E1=BB=87m=20 thi=C3=AAng li=C3=AAng phi th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng m=C3=A0 sau n=C3=A0y = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c =C4=91=C3=BAc k=E1=BA=BFt th=C3=A0nh t=E1=BA=ADp = s=C3=A1ch Linh Thao. N=C4=83m=20 1523, I=C3=B1igo sang =C4=90=E1=BA=A5t Th=C3=A1nh, nh=C6=B0ng v=C3=AC = kh=C3=B4ng =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ph=C3=A9p =E1=BB=9F l=E1=BA=A1i, = n=C3=AAn ch=C3=A0ng quy=E1=BA=BFt =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh=20 tr=E1=BB=9F v=E1=BB=81 Ch=C3=A2u =C3=82u =C4=91i h=E1=BB=8Dc l=C3=A0m = linh m=E1=BB=A5c =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ph=E1=BB=A5c v=E1=BB=A5 c=C3=A1c linh = h=E1=BB=93n.

Trong=20 th=E1=BB=9Di gian 1524-1527, khi h=E1=BB=8Dc =E1=BB=9F Barcelona v=C3=A0 = Acal=C3=A1, I=C3=B1igo th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng gi=C3=BAp ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = kh=C3=A1c=20 v=E1=BB=81 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng thi=C3=AAng li=C3=AAng b=E1=BA=B1ng = ch=C3=ADnh kinh nghi=E1=BB=87m c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh. V=C3=AC = gi=E1=BA=A3ng =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o m=C3=A0 ch=C6=B0a h=E1=BB=8Dc=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7y =C4=91=E1=BB=A7, I=C3=B1igo b=E1=BB=8B b=E1=BA=AFt giam = m=E1=BA=A5y l=E1=BA=A7n v=C3=A0 b=E1=BB=8B c=E1=BA=A5m gi=E1=BA=A3ng = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o. Cu=E1=BB=91i c=C3=B9ng, n=C4=83m 1528 ch=C3=A0ng=20 l=C3=AAn Paris =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ti=E1=BA=BFp t=E1=BB=A5c vi=E1=BB=87c = h=E1=BB=8Dc. T=E1=BA=A1i Paris, I=C3=B1igo =C4=91=E1=BB=95i t=C3=AAn = th=C3=A0nh Ignatius (=C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t ho=C3=A1 th=C3=A0nh I-nh=C3=A3), v=C3=A0 tr=E1=BB=8D = c=C3=B9ng nh=C3=A0 v=E1=BB=9Bi hai b=E1=BA=A1n tr=E1=BA=BB = Ph=C3=AAr=C3=B4 Favre (1506-1546)=20 v=C3=A0 Phanxic=C3=B4 Xavier (1506-1553). D=E1=BA=A7n d=E1=BA=A7n, = I-nh=C3=A3 =C4=91=C3=A3 quy t=E1=BB=A5 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = m=E1=BB=99t nh=C3=B3m b=E1=BA=A1n sinh=20 vi=C3=AAn qua nh=E1=BB=AFng bu=E1=BB=95i sinh ho=E1=BA=A1t thi=C3=AAng = li=C3=AAng. I-nh=C3=A3 c=C5=A9ng l=E1=BA=A7n l=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3t = h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng d=E1=BA=ABn Linh=20 Thao cho t=E1=BB=ABng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di, v=C3=A0 gi=C3=BAp h=E1=BB=8D = nh=E1=BA=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh t=C6=B0=C6=A1ng lai. Ch=C3=ADnh Linh Thao = l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=91i d=C3=A2y=20 thi=C3=AAng li=C3=AAng r=C3=A0ng bu=E1=BB=99c h=E1=BB=8D v=E1=BB=9Bi = nhau.

Sau=20 nhi=E1=BB=81u th=E1=BB=AD = th=C3=A1ch, ng=C3=A0y 27.9.1540, =C4=90GH Phaol=C3=B4 III = ch=C3=ADnh th=E1=BB=A9c c=C3=B4ng b=E1=BB=91 tr=E1=BB=8Dng s=E1=BA=AFc=20 Regimini Militantis Ecclesiae ph=C3=AA chu=E1=BA=A9n =C4=90o=C3=A0n = Gi=C3=AAsu th=C3=A0nh m=E1=BB=99t d=C3=B2ng tu gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9=20 trong H=E1=BB=99i Th=C3=A1nh. T=E1=BB=AB =C4=91=C3=B3 =C4=90o=C3=A0n = Gi=C3=AAsu tr=E1=BB=9F th=C3=A0nh D=C3=B2ng Ch=C3=BAa Gi=C3=AAsu = (Societas Jesu - =E1=BB=9F=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam quen g=E1=BB=8Di l=C3=A0 D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn, v=C3=AC = mu=E1=BB=91n tr=C3=A1nh g=E1=BB=8Di T=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=B1c tr=E1=BB=8Dng = Ch=C3=BAa Gi=C3=AAsu). M=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 th=C3=A0nh vi=C3=AAn trong d=C3=B2ng tu m=E1=BB=9Bi l=E1=BA=ADp = =C4=91=E1=BB=81u nh=E1=BA=A5t tr=C3=AD b=E1=BA=A7u cha I-nh=C3=A3 = l=C3=A0m B=E1=BB=81 tr=C3=AAn T=E1=BB=95ng=20 Quy=E1=BB=81n ti=C3=AAn kh=E1=BB=9Fi (1540-1556). =C4=90=E1=BA=B7c = s=E1=BB=A7ng c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng l=C3=A0 ph=E1=BB=A5c v=E1=BB=A5 = c=C3=A1c linh h=E1=BB=93n v=C3=A0 h=E1=BB=97 tr=E1=BB=A3=20 H=E1=BB=99i Th=C3=A1nh trong vi=E1=BB=87c =E2=80=9Cb=E1=BA=A3o = v=E1=BB=87 v=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n b=C3=A1 =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c = tin=E2=80=9D. 

TH=E1=BB=9CI=20 K=E1=BB=B2 PH=C3=81T TRI=E1=BB=82N 

Ngay=20 t=E1=BB=AB =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u, D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =C4=91=C3=A3 l=C3=A0 = m=E1=BB=99t c=E1=BB=99ng =C4=91o=C3=A0n l=C6=B0u =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng = v=E1=BB=9Bi m=E1=BB=99t quy ch=E1=BA=BF r=E1=BA=A5t kh=C3=A1c = th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng.=20 C=C3=A1c th=C3=A0nh vi=C3=AAn kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 tu ph=E1=BB=A5c = ri=C3=AAng, c=C5=A9ng kh=C3=B4ng =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc kinh th=E1=BA=A7n = v=E1=BB=A5 chung. H=E1=BB=8D=20 nhanh ch=C3=B3ng tham gia v=C3=A0o c=C3=B4ng t=C3=A1c m=E1=BB=A5c = v=E1=BB=A5, gi=C3=A1o d=E1=BB=A5c, thuy=E1=BA=BFt gi=E1=BA=A3ng, x=C3=A3 = h=E1=BB=99i, hu=E1=BA=A5n=20 gi=C3=A1o, v=C3=A0 =C4=91i truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o. Nh=C3=B3m anh em = ti=C3=AAn kh=E1=BB=9Fi r=E1=BA=A5t h=C4=83ng say trong vi=E1=BB=87c = t=C3=B4ng =C4=91=E1=BB=93.=20 Favre =C4=91i gi=E1=BA=A3ng Linh Thao kh=E1=BA=AFp n=C6=A1i, Xavier = ho=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o =E1=BB=9F = Ch=C3=A2u =C3=81,=20 Salmer=C3=B3n v=C3=A0 Laynez gi=E1=BA=A3ng d=E1=BA=A1y th=E1=BA=A7n = h=E1=BB=8Dc =E1=BB=9F =C3=9D, Bobadilla c=C3=B4ng t=C3=A1c =E1=BB=9F = T=C3=A2y Ban Nha,=20 Rodrigues =E1=BB=9F B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha, c=C3=B2n I-nh=C3=A3 = th=C3=AC =E1=BB=9F Roma lo vi=E1=BB=87c =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u h=C3=A0nh = D=C3=B2ng. Ch=E1=BB=89 v=E1=BB=8Fn v=E1=BA=B9n=20 trong v=C3=B2ng 16 n=C4=83m t=E1=BB=AB khi =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = ph=C3=AA chu=E1=BA=A9n, con s=E1=BB=91 tu s=C4=A9 D=C3=B2ng =C4=91=C3=A3 = t=C4=83ng t=E1=BB=AB 10 l=C3=AAn=20 1000 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di. H=E1=BB=8D hi=E1=BB=87n di=E1=BB=87n v=C3=A0 = ph=C3=A1t tri=E1=BB=83n kh=E1=BA=AFp c=C3=A1c th=C3=A0nh ph=E1=BB=91 = l=E1=BB=9Bn =E1=BB=9F Ch=C3=A2u =C3=82u, c=C5=A9ng=20 nh=C6=B0 t=E1=BA=A1i c=C3=A1c v=C3=B9ng truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o = t=E1=BB=AB Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn Brazil. Sau khi = I-nh=C3=A3 qua =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di,=20 Diego Laynez =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c b=E1=BA=A7u l=C3=A0m B=E1=BB=81 = Tr=C3=AAn T=E1=BB=95ng Quy=E1=BB=81n (1556-1565).

D=C3=B2ng=20 c=C5=A9ng =C4=91i ti=C3=AAn phong trong vi=E1=BB=87c truy=E1=BB=81n = gi=C3=A1o. D=C3=B2ng =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 m=E1=BA=B7t =E1=BB=9F = Ch=C3=A2u Phi n=C4=83m 1548,=20 Nam M=E1=BB=B9 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc n=C4=83m 1552, B=E1=BA=AFc M=E1=BB=B9 = n=C4=83m 1639. T=E1=BA=A1i Ch=C3=A2u =C3=81, Phanxic=C3=B4 Xavier = (1506-1553)=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn =E1=BA=A4n =C4=90=E1=BB=99 (1542) r=E1=BB=93i = Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n (1549), nh=C6=B0ng ng=C3=A0i =C4=91=C3=A3 qua = =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di ngay tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc khi v=C3=A0o=20 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c Trung Hoa l=E1=BB=A5c =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba. C=C3=A1c = th=E1=BB=ABa sai D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn =C4=90=C3=A0ng = Trong n=C4=83m 1615 v=C3=A0 =C4=90=C3=A0ng=20 Ngo=C3=A0i n=C4=83m 1627. =C4=90i=E1=BB=83m son trong ch=C3=ADnh = s=C3=A1ch truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o c=E1=BB=A7a c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai = D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn=20 =E1=BB=9F Ch=C3=A2u =C3=81 l=C3=A0 h=E1=BB=99i nh=E1=BA=ADp v=C4=83n = h=C3=B3a. C=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai nh=C6=B0 Roberto de Nobili = t=E1=BA=A1i =E1=BA=A4n =C4=90=E1=BB=99,=20 Mateo Ricci t=E1=BA=A1i Trung Hoa, Alexandre de Rhodes t=E1=BA=A1i = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam =C4=91=C3=A3 h=E1=BB=8Dc ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF,=20 th=C3=ADch nghi v=E1=BB=9Bi trang ph=E1=BB=A5c v=C3=A0 phong t=E1=BB=A5c = t=E1=BA=ADp qu=C3=A1n =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng. B=E1=BA=B1ng = ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF v=C3=A0 v=C4=83n=20 h=C3=B3a b=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba, c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai = D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =C4=91=C3=A3 truy=E1=BB=81n =C4=91=E1=BA=A1t Tin = M=E1=BB=ABng cho c=C3=A1c d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c =C3=81=20 Ch=C3=A2u. Ngo=C3=A0i ra, h=E1=BB=8D c=C3=B2n c=C3=B3 nh=E1=BB=AFng = =C4=91=C3=B3ng g=C3=B3p quan tr=E1=BB=8Dng trong vi=E1=BB=87c giao = l=C6=B0u v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a=20 =C3=82u-=C3=81 qua vi=E1=BB=87c chuy=E1=BB=83n t=E1=BA=A3i t=C6=B0 = t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng =C3=81 Ch=C3=A2u cho gi=E1=BB=9Bi tr=C3=AD = th=E1=BB=A9c =C3=82u Ch=C3=A2u, qua vi=E1=BB=87c=20 d=E1=BB=8Bch thu=E1=BA=ADt c=C3=A1c kinh =C4=91i=E1=BB=83n Trung Hoa = v=C3=A0 =E1=BA=A4n =C4=90=E1=BB=99 sang ti=E1=BA=BFng La-tinh, v=C3=A0 = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c=20 l=E1=BA=A1i.  

TH=E1=BB=9CI=20 K=E1=BB=B2 KH=C3=93 KH=C4=82N, GI=E1=BA=A2I TH=E1=BB=82, V=C3=80 = PH=E1=BB=A4C H=E1=BB=92I

 

Sau=20 th=E1=BB=9Di gian th=C3=A0nh c=C3=B4ng nhanh ch=C3=B3ng, b=E1=BA=AFt = =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u t=E1=BB=AB gi=E1=BB=AFa th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XVII, = D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn g=E1=BA=B7p=20 nhi=E1=BB=81u ph=E1=BA=A3n =E1=BB=A9ng v=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=91ng = =C4=91=E1=BB=91i. T=E1=BA=A1i Nam M=E1=BB=B9, c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai = D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn thi=E1=BA=BFt l=E1=BA=ADp nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 khu t=E1=BB=B1 tr=E1=BB=8B cho ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di da =C4=91=E1=BB=8F = v=C3=A0 v=C3=A0 h=E1=BA=ADu qu=E1=BA=A3 l=C3=A0 =C4=91=C6=B0a = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn s=E1=BB=B1 xung =C4=91=E1=BB=99t gi=E1=BB=AFa c=C3=A1c = th=E1=BB=ABa=20 sai v=C3=A0 quy=E1=BB=81n l=E1=BB=A3i c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=91=E1=BA=BF = ch=E1=BA=BF T=C3=A2y Ban Nha v=C3=A0 B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha. = T=E1=BA=A1i Ch=C3=A2u =C3=81, s=E1=BB=B1 tranh=20 gi=C3=A0nh =E1=BA=A3nh h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng c=C5=A9ng nh=C6=B0 b=E1=BA=A5t = =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng =C3=BD ki=E1=BA=BFn v=E1=BB=81 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng = l=E1=BB=91i m=E1=BB=A5c v=E1=BB=A5 gi=E1=BB=AFa c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa = sai=20 thu=E1=BB=99c D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn v=C3=A0 c=C3=A1c d=C3=B2ng tu kh=C3=A1c = =C4=91=C3=A3 g=C3=A2y nhi=E1=BB=81u chia r=E1=BA=BD gi=E1=BB=AFa = c=C3=A1c nh=C3=B3m th=E1=BB=ABa sai.=20 =E1=BB=9E Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n, c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai vu = c=C3=A1o l=E1=BA=ABn nhau, c=E1=BB=99ng v=E1=BB=9Bi nh=E1=BB=AFng = c=C3=A1o bu=E1=BB=99c c=E1=BB=A7a nh=C3=B3m=20 th=C6=B0=C6=A1ng gia Tin L=C3=A0nh ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di H=C3=A0 Lan = =C4=91=C3=A3 l=C3=A0m cho c=C3=A1c s=E1=BB=A9 qu=C3=A2n (Shogun) nghi = ng=E1=BB=9D ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o l=C3=A0m tay sai cho =C4=91=E1=BA=BF qu=E1=BB=91c = T=C3=A2y Ban Nha ho=E1=BA=B7c B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha v=C3=A0 ra = s=E1=BB=A9c c=E1=BA=A5m =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o.=20 =E1=BB=9E Trung Hoa, c=C3=A1c ph=C3=A1n quy=E1=BA=BFt c=E1=BB=A7a = T=C3=B2a Th=C3=A1nh trong v=E1=BB=A5 tranh lu=E1=BA=ADn v=E1=BB=81 = L=E1=BB=85 Nghi Trung=20 Hoa (1645-1742) =C4=91=C3=A3 l=C3=A0m Khang Hi ho=C3=A0ng = =C4=91=E1=BA=BF n=E1=BB=95i gi=E1=BA=ADn v=C3=A0 h=E1=BA=A1n ch=E1=BA=BF = vi=E1=BB=87c truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o t=E1=BB=AB=20 n=C4=83m 1706; Ung Ch=C3=A1nh ho=C3=A0ng =C4=91=E1=BA=BF n=E1=BB=91i = ng=C3=B4i v=C3=A0 ra s=E1=BA=AFc ch=E1=BB=89 c=E1=BA=A5m = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o n=C4=83m 1724. =E1=BB=9E Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 Nam, vi=E1=BB=87c b=E1=BA=A5t ph=E1=BB=A5c t=C3=B9ng c=E1=BB=A7a = c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn v=E1=BB=9Bi h=C3=A0ng = gi=C3=A1m m=E1=BB=A5c thu=E1=BB=99c H=E1=BB=99i=20 Th=E1=BB=ABa Sai Ba-l=C3=AA =C4=91=C3=A3 g=C3=A2y nhi=E1=BB=81u = b=E1=BA=A5t l=E1=BB=A3i cho vi=E1=BB=87c truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o = c=E1=BB=A7a=20 D=C3=B2ng.

Nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 kh=C3=B3 kh=C4=83n v=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=91ng =C4=91=E1=BB=91i kh=C3=B4ng = ch=E1=BB=89 =E1=BB=9F ch=C3=A2u M=E1=BB=B9 v=C3=A0 Ch=C3=A2u =C3=81, = nh=C6=B0ng kh=C3=B3 kh=C4=83n nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 ngay=20 t=E1=BA=A1i Ch=C3=A2u =C3=82u, t=E1=BB=AB trong n=E1=BB=99i b=E1=BB=99 = H=E1=BB=99i Th=C3=A1nh =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn nh=E1=BB=AFng tr=C3=A0o l=C6=B0u = t=C6=B0 t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng m=E1=BB=9Bi.=20

T=E1=BB=AB=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng m=C3=A2u thu=E1=BA=ABn nh=E1=BB=8F sang m=C3=A2u = thu=E1=BA=ABn l=E1=BB=9Bn, b=E1=BA=AFt =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u t=E1=BB=AB = n=C4=83m 1759 tu s=C4=A9 D=C3=B2ng l=E1=BA=A7n l=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3t=20 b=E1=BB=8B tr=E1=BB=A5c xu=E1=BA=A5t kh=E1=BB=8Fi l=C3=A3nh th=E1=BB=95 = c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=91=E1=BA=BF qu=E1=BB=91c B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha, = T=C3=A2y Ban Nha v=C3=A0 Ph=C3=A1p. C=C3=A1c t=C3=A0i=20 s=E1=BA=A3n c=C5=A9ng nh=C6=B0 c=C6=A1 s=E1=BB=9F gi=C3=A1o d=E1=BB=A5c = c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng b=E1=BB=8B qu=E1=BB=91c h=E1=BB=AFu h=C3=B3a. = Nh=C6=B0ng ch=C6=B0a =C4=91=E1=BB=A7, c=C3=A1c n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 n=C3=A0y =C3=A1p l=E1=BB=B1c v=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c Gi=C3=A1o = Ho=C3=A0ng Cl=C3=AAment=C3=AA XIV =C4=91=E1=BB=83 k=C3=BD s=E1=BA=AFc = l=E1=BB=87nh Dominus ac Redemptor=20 gi=E1=BA=A3i t=C3=A1n D=C3=B2ng v=C3=A0o ng=C3=A0y 16.8.1773. Tuy = v=E1=BA=ADy, ho=C3=A0ng =C4=91=E1=BA=BF n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc Ph=E1=BB=95 = Frederick II v=C3=A0 n=E1=BB=AF=20 ho=C3=A0ng Nga Catherina I =C4=91=C3=A3 cho ph=C3=A9p D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn = ti=E1=BA=BFp t=E1=BB=A5c ho=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng =E1=BB=9F = Ph=E1=BB=95 v=C3=A0 Nga. D=E1=BA=A7n=20 d=E1=BA=A7n v=C3=AC nhu c=E1=BA=A7u b=E1=BA=A3o v=E1=BB=87 = =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c tin =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 nh=E1=BB=AFng cu=E1=BB=99c = v=E1=BA=ADn =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng ng=E1=BA=A7m =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ph=E1=BB=A5c = h=E1=BB=93i l=E1=BA=A1i=20 ho=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn. H=C6=A1n = 40 n=C4=83m sau khi b=E1=BB=8B gi=E1=BA=A3i th=E1=BB=83, = =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c Gi=C3=A1o Ho=C3=A0ng Pi=C3=B4 VII=20 =C4=91=C3=A3 cho ph=C3=A9p ph=E1=BB=A5c h=E1=BB=93i D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn = tr=C3=AAn to=C3=A0n th=E1=BA=BF gi=E1=BB=9Bi v=C3=A0o ng=C3=A0y = 7.8.1814. B=E1=BA=AFt =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u l=E1=BA=A1i=20 t=E1=BB=AB con s=E1=BB=91 kh=C3=B4ng, D=C3=B2ng =C4=91=E1=BA=A9y = m=E1=BA=A1nh ho=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng gi=C3=A1o d=E1=BB=A5c, = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o v=C3=A0 linh=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o.  

D=C3=92NG=20 T=C3=8AN NG=C3=80Y NAY 

Hi=E1=BB=87n=20 nay (2007) c=C3=B3 19.216 tu s=C4=A9 D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn ph=E1=BB=A5c = v=E1=BB=A5 t=E1=BA=A1i 133 qu=E1=BB=91c gia v=C3=A0 l=C3=A3nh = th=E1=BB=95 tr=C3=AAn=20 th=E1=BA=BF gi=E1=BB=9Bi: Ch=C3=A2u =C3=82u (30), B=E1=BA=AFc-Nam = M=E1=BB=B9 (30), =C3=81-=C3=9Ac (38), Phi (35). D=C3=B2ng ho=E1=BA=A1t = =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng=20 trong 91 T=E1=BB=89nh D=C3=B2ng v=C3=A0 Mi=E1=BB=81n =C4=91=E1=BB=99c = l=E1=BA=ADp, c=C3=B9ng v=E1=BB=9Bi 13 mi=E1=BB=81n ph=E1=BB=A5 = thu=E1=BB=99c, t=E1=BA=ADp trung trong=20 10 V=C3=B9ng d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi s=E1=BB=B1 =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u = =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng c=E1=BB=A7a B=E1=BB=81 Tr=C3=AAn T=E1=BB=95ng = Quy=E1=BB=81n Peter-Hans Kolvenbach (t=E1=BB=AB=20 1983). Tr=E1=BB=A5 s=E1=BB=9F ch=C3=ADnh c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng (Curia = Societatis Jesu) hi=E1=BB=87n nay =E1=BB=9F s=E1=BB=91 4 = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng Borgo=20 Santo Spirito, Roma b=C3=AAn c=E1=BA=A1nh To=C3=A0 Th=C3=A1nh = (www.sjweb.info).

Hi=E1=BB=87n=20 nay D=C3=B2ng =C4=91ang chu=E1=BA=A9n b=E1=BB=8B cho T=E1=BB=95ng = H=E1=BB=99i l=E1=BA=A7n th=E1=BB=A9 35 (2008) =C4=91=E1=BB=83 b=C3=A0n = v=E1=BB=81 h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng =C4=91i c=E1=BB=A7a=20 D=C3=B2ng trong th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XXI.
=E1=BB=9E Hoa K=E1=BB=B3, = D=C3=B2ng =C4=91=C3=A3 thi=E1=BA=BFt l=E1=BA=ADp 28 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i h=E1=BB=8Dc v=C3=A0 g=E1=BA=A7n=20 50 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng trung h=E1=BB=8Dc, trong =C4=91=C3=B3 c=C3=B3 = nhi=E1=BB=81u tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng danh ti=E1=BA=BFng th=E1=BA=BF = gi=E1=BB=9Bi nh=C6=B0 =C4=90H=20 Georgetown, =C4=90H Boston, =C4=90H Fordham, v.v.

T=E1=BA=A1i=20 Ch=C3=A2u =C3=81, c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i h=E1=BB=8Dc danh ti=E1=BA=BFng do D=C3=B2ng = thi=E1=BA=BFt l=E1=BA=ADp nh=C6=B0 =C4=90H Sophia=20 (Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n), =C4=90H Sogang (H=C3=A0n Qu=E1=BB=91c), = =C4=90H Fujen (=C4=90=C3=A0i Loan), =C4=90H Ateneo de Manila v=C3=A0=20 Vi=E1=BB=87n M=E1=BB=A5c V=E1=BB=A5 =C4=90=C3=B4ng =C3=81 (EAPI) = =E1=BB=9F Phi Lu=E1=BA=ADt T=C3=A2n, ch=C6=B0a k=E1=BB=83 = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn 26 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i h=E1=BB=8Dc = v=C3=A0 cao=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=B3ng =E1=BB=9F =E1=BA=A4n =C4=90=E1=BB=99. T=E1=BA=A1i = Roma, ngo=C3=A0i =C4=90=E1=BA=A1i H=E1=BB=8Dc Gi=C3=A1o Ho=C3=A0ng = Gregorian v=C3=A0 Vi=E1=BB=87n Kinh Th=C3=A1nh=20 Biblicum, D=C3=B2ng c=C3=B2n ph=E1=BB=A5 tr=C3=A1ch =C4=91=C3=A0i = ph=C3=A1t thanh Vatican v=C3=A0 =C4=91=C3=A0i thi=C3=AAn v=C4=83n = Vatican.=20 Ngo=C3=A0i ra D=C3=B2ng c=C3=B2n =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u h=C3=A0nh v=C3=A0 = xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n nhi=E1=BB=81u s=C3=A1ch b=C3=A1o, t=E1=BA=A1p = ch=C3=AD v=C3=A0 kh=E1=BA=A3o lu=E1=BA=ADn c=C3=B3=20 gi=C3=A1 tr=E1=BB=8B trong nhi=E1=BB=81u l=C3=A3nh = v=E1=BB=B1c.

Ngo=C3=A0i=20 c=C3=A1c c=C6=A1 s=E1=BB=9F gi=C3=A1o d=E1=BB=A5c kh=E1=BA=AFp n=C6=A1i = tr=C3=AAn th=E1=BA=BF gi=E1=BB=9Bi, c=C3=A1c tu s=C4=A9 D=C3=B2ng = T=C3=AAn c=C3=B2n =C4=91=E1=BA=A3m nhi=E1=BB=87m c=C3=A1c=20 t=C3=A1c v=E1=BB=A5 kh=C3=A1c nhau t=E1=BB=AB m=E1=BB=A5c v=E1=BB=A5 = gi=C3=A1o x=E1=BB=A9, gi=E1=BA=A3ng t=C4=A9nh t=C3=A2m v=C3=A0 Linh = Thao, truy=E1=BB=81n th=C3=B4ng,=20 hu=E1=BA=A5n ngh=E1=BB=87, =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn ch=C4=83m s=C3=B3c = s=E1=BB=A9c kho=E1=BA=BB v=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=A5c v=E1=BB=A5 cho = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=E1=BB=8B n=E1=BA=A1n, di d=C3=A2n, cho = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 khuy=E1=BA=BFt t=E1=BA=ADt, b=E1=BB=87nh phong, hay l=C3=A2y = nhi=E1=BB=85m AIDS. T=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BA=A3 nh=E1=BA=B1m rao = gi=E1=BA=A3ng Tin M=E1=BB=ABng. C=C3=B3=20 th=E1=BB=83 n=C3=B3i D=C3=B2ng v=E1=BA=ABn ti=E1=BA=BFp t=E1=BB=A5c tinh = th=E1=BA=A7n th=E1=BB=ABa sai v=C3=A0 =C4=91=E1=BA=B7c s=E1=BB=A7ng = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o c=E1=BB=A7a thu=E1=BB=9F=20 ban =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u, tuy h=C3=ACnh th=E1=BB=A9c ho=E1=BA=A1t = =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng c=C3=B3 thay =C4=91=E1=BB=95i =C4=91=E1=BB=83 = th=C3=ADch nghi v=E1=BB=9Bi th=E1=BB=9Di=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i.

T=E1=BB=AB=20 sau T=E1=BB=95ng H=E1=BB=99i th=E1=BB=A9 32 (1975), D=C3=B2ng = =C4=91=E1=BA=B7c bi=E1=BB=87t h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng v=E1=BB=81 c=C3=A1c = c=C3=B4ng t=C3=A1c ph=E1=BB=A5c v=E1=BB=A5 =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c tin=20 v=C3=A0 th=C4=83ng ti=E1=BA=BFn c=C3=B4ng b=C3=ACnh x=C3=A3 h=E1=BB=99i. = =C4=90=E1=BB=83 =C4=91=C3=A1p =E1=BB=A9ng nhu c=E1=BA=A7u c=E1=BB=A7a = th=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i D=C3=B2ng c=C5=A9ng thi=E1=BA=BFt=20 l=E1=BA=ADp c=C3=A1c v=C4=83n ph=C3=B2ng chuy=C3=AAn bi=E1=BB=87t = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 lo cho ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=E1=BB=8B n=E1=BA=A1n (JRS: = Jesuit Refugee=20 Service), c=C3=B4ng b=C3=ACnh x=C3=A3 h=E1=BB=99i (SJS: Social Justice = Secretariat), truy=E1=BB=81n th=C3=B4ng (Jes=20 Com: Jesuits in Communication), v=C3=A0 =C4=91=E1=BB=91i tho=E1=BA=A1i = t=C3=B4n gi=C3=A1o (SID: Secretariat for=20 Interreligious Dialogue).

Trong=20 vi=E1=BB=87c l=C3=A0m ch=E1=BB=A9ng t=C3=A1 cho Tin M=E1=BB=ABng, = D=C3=B2ng =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c 50 v=E1=BB=8B hi=E1=BB=83n = th=C3=A1nh, 146 ch=C3=A2n ph=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c t=C3=B4n k=C3=ADnh tr=C3=AAn to=C3=A0n Gi=C3=A1o = H=E1=BB=99i (t=C3=ADnh =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn 2006); ngo=C3=A0i ra c=C3=B3 36 = b=E1=BA=ADc =C4=91=C3=A1ng k=C3=ADnh=20 v=C3=A0 115 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7y t=E1=BB=9B c=E1=BB=A7a Thi=C3=AAn Ch=C3=BAa = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ghi nh=E1=BA=ADn trong D=C3=B2ng. Ch=E1=BB=89 = trong th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XX,=20 kh=C3=B4ng k=E1=BB=83 nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di b=E1=BB=8B = t=C3=B9 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7y, c=C3=B3 tr=C3=AAn 300 tu s=C4=A9 D=C3=B2ng = tr=C3=AAn kh=E1=BA=AFp th=E1=BA=BF gi=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=91=C3=A3 hy=20 sinh m=E1=BA=A1ng s=E1=BB=91ng v=C3=AC =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c tin v=C3=A0 = tranh =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u cho nh=C3=A2n ph=E1=BA=A9m con = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di. Th=C3=AD d=E1=BB=A5 nh=C6=B0 cha=20 Ignacio Ellacur=C3=ADa v=C3=A0 c=C3=A1c =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng nghi=E1=BB=87p = thu=E1=BB=99c =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i h=E1=BB=8Dc Trung M=E1=BB=B9 (CAU) = b=E1=BB=8B =C3=A1m s=C3=A1t =E1=BB=9F El=20 Salvador n=C4=83m 1989.
Tr=E1=BA=A3i qua g=E1=BA=A7n n=C4=83m = th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7, D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C3=B3ng = g=C3=B3p nh=C3=A2n l=E1=BB=B1c v=C3=A0=20 c=E1=BA=A3 m=E1=BA=A1ng s=E1=BB=91ng v=C3=A0o c=C3=B4ng vi=E1=BB=87c = ph=E1=BB=A5c v=E1=BB=A5 =C4=91=E1=BB=A9c tin v=C3=A0 th=C4=83ng = ti=E1=BA=BFn con ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di. T=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BA=A3 nh=C6=B0=20 kh=E1=BA=A9u hi=E1=BB=87u c=E1=BB=A7a D=C3=B2ng: Ad Majorem Dei = Gloriam-Cho Vinh Danh = Ch=C3=BAa=20 H=C6=A1n[34].  

E. V=E1=BA=A5n =C4=90=E1=BB=81 = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 =C4=90=C3=B3ng G=C3=B3p V=C3=A0o Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c=20 Ng=E1=BB=AF 

V=C3=A0o n=C4=83m=20 1651, =C3=B4ng cho in cu=E1=BB=91n T=E1=BB=AB =C4=90i=E1=BB=83n Vi=E1=BB=87t-B=E1=BB=93-La=20 (Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum) d=E1=BB=B1a = tr=C3=AAn c=C3=A1c k=C3=BD t=E1=BB=B1 ti=E1=BA=BFng=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t c=E1=BB=A7a nh=E1=BB=AFng gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9 = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha v=C3=A0 =C3=9D = tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc =C4=91=C3=B3. C=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 coi =C4=91=C3=A2y = l=C3=A0 s=E1=BB=B1 ki=E1=BB=87n=20 =C4=91=C3=A1nh d=E1=BA=A5u s=E1=BB=B1 ra =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di c=E1=BB=A7a = ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF.

MISSI = nguy=E1=BB=87t san=20 th=C3=A1ng 5/1961 nh=C3=A2n k=E1=BB=B7 ni=E1=BB=87m 300 n=C4=83m = ng=C3=A0y Alexandre de Rhodes qua =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di, c=C3=B3 th=E1=BA=BF = =C4=91=C3=A3=20 qu=C3=A1 l=E1=BB=9Di khi n=C3=B3i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn c=C3=B4ng = tr=E1=BA=A1ng c=E1=BB=A7a Alexandre de Rhodes:

=E2=80=9CKhi cho Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam c=C3=A1c = m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 La Tinh, Alexandre=20 de Rhodes =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0a Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam =C4=91i = tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn 3 th=E1=BA=BF = k=E1=BB=B7"[35].

H=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 la=20 tinh c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 l=C3=A0 =C6=B0u vi=E1=BB=87t nh=E1=BA=A5t trong = c=C3=A1c h=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 c=C3=B2n = hi=E1=BB=87n di=E1=BB=87n tr=C3=AAn tr=C3=A1i=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t ng=C3=A0y nay.  Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n v=C3=A0=20 Tri=E1=BB=81u Ti=C3=AAn, Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam =C4=91=C3=A3 s=E1=BB=AD d=E1=BB=A5ng=20  ch=E1=BB=AF = vi=E1=BA=BFt ch=E1=BB=AF vu=C3=B4ng = ki=E1=BB=83u Trung=20 Hoa v=C3=A0 = ch=E1=BB=8Bu nhi=E1=BB=81u =E1=BA=A3nh = h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a Trung Hoa t=E1=BB=AB=20 l=C3=A2u. =

Trong = qu=C3=A1 tr=C3=ACnh=20 ph=C3=A1t tri=E1=BB=81n ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt, v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam c=C3=B3 h=C3=ACnh th=E1=BB=A9c ch=E1=BB=AF n=C3=B4m = =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u ti=C3=AAn c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 c=C3=B3 t=E1=BB=AB=20 th=E1=BB=9Di H=C3=A0n Thuy=C3=AAn[36], so v=E1=BB=9Bi = t=C6=B0=C6=A1ng =C4=91=E1=BB=91i ch=E1=BB=89 m=E1=BB=9Bi c=C3=A1ch = =C4=91=C3=A2y kh=C3=B4ng l=C3=A2u, ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Tri=E1=BB=81u = Ti=C3=AAn m=E1=BB=9Bi=20 ch=E1=BA=BF bi=E1=BA=BFn ra m=E1=BB=99t ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt = ri=C3=AAng c=E1=BB=A7a h=E1=BB=8D. Th=E1=BB=B1c=20 ra m=E1=BA=A5u t=E1=BB=B1 Tri=E1=BB=81u Ti=C3=AAn (Hangul) =C4=91=C3=A3 = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c s=C3=A1ng ch=E1=BA=BF v=C3=A0 d=C3=B9ng = t=E1=BB=AB n=C4=83m=20 1446[37], tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc = Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF La tinh h=E1=BA=B1ng tr=C4=83m=20 n=C4=83m).

C=C3=B2n ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 Nh=E1=BA=ADt th=C3=AC, sau nhi=E1=BB=81u l=E1=BA=A7n th=E1=BB=AD = nghi=E1=BB=87m, =C4=91=C3=A3 ph=E1=BA=A3i b=C3=B3 tay v=C3=A0 = =C4=91=C3=A0nh tr=E1=BB=9F v=E1=BB=81 v=E1=BB=9Bi l=E1=BB=91i = vi=E1=BA=BFt=20 kh=E1=BB=91i ch=E1=BB=AF = vu=C3=B4ng t=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3ng h=C3=ACnh bi=E1=BB=83u =C3=BD c=E1=BB=A7a = Trung=20 Hoa. D=C3=B9 ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt Nh=E1=BA=ADt[38] ng=C3=A0y nay r=E1=BA=A5t = ph=E1=BB=A9c t=E1=BA=A1p. C=C5=A9ng l=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=AF=20 t=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3ng =C3=A2m, kh=C3=B4ng t=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3ng h=C3=ACnh, = katagana va hiragana c=C3=B3 ngu=E1=BB=93n g=E1=BB=91c = t=E1=BB=AB=20 th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 th=E1=BB=A9 10, c=E1=BB=99ng th=C3=AAm 2000 = ch=E1=BB=AF H=C3=A1n (Kanji), va Latin (romaji). Nh=E1=BA=ADt=20 kh=C3=B4ng h=E1=BB=81 b=C3=B3 tay, nh=C6=B0ng v=E1=BA=ABn kh=C3=B4ng = tho=C3=A1t kh=E1=BB=8Fi kh=E1=BB=91i ch=E1=BB=AF vu=C3=B4ng, tuy c=C3=B3 = ph=E1=BA=A7n uy=E1=BB=83n=20 chuy=E1=BB=83n s=C3=A1ng t=E1=BA=A1o..=20

Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Trung=20 Hoa d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi th=E1=BB=9Di Mao Tr=E1=BA=A1ch =C4=90=C3=B4ng = c=E1=BB=91 c=E1=BA=A3i ti=E1=BA=BFn ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt Trung Hoa = theo h=E1=BB=87=20 th=E1=BB=91ng = m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 La Tinh =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ch=E1=BA=BF bi=E1=BA=BFn = ra=20 ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh, nh=C6=B0ng cho = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn nay v=E1=BA=ABn ch=C6=B0a th=C3=A0nh c=C3=B4ng. = Nh=C6=B0ng nh=E1=BB=9D s=C3=A1ng ki=E1=BA=BFn = khoa h=E1=BB=8Dc k=E1=BB=B9 thu=E1=BA=ADt c=E1=BB=A7a Internet,=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di d=C3=A2n Trung Hoa v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng ti=E1=BB=81u = qu=E1=BB=91c kh=C3=A1c trong kh=E1=BB=91i v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a = =C4=90=C3=B4ng =C3=81 =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83=20 c=E1=BA=A3i ti=E1=BA=BFn c=C3=A1c b=E1=BB=99 ph=E1=BA=ADn c=E1=BB=A7a = h=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng ch=E1=BB=AF vu=C3=B4ng v=C3=A0 gh=C3=A9p = l=E1=BA=A1i c=C5=A9ng thu=E1=BA=ADn ti=E1=BB=87n l=C3=B3n lao.=20

V=E1=BA=ADy m=C3=A0 d=C3=A2n=20 t=E1=BB=99c Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, nh=E1=BB=9D c=C3=B4ng cu=E1=BB=99c h=C3=ACnh th=C3=A0nh = ch=E1=BB=AF=20 vi=E1=BA=BFt m=E1=BB=9Bi theo h=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng m=E1=BA=ABu = t=E1=BB=B1 Latinh do nhi=E1=BB=81u ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di m=C3=A0 = =C4=91=C3=A1ng k=E1=BB=83, nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 =C4=90=E1=BA=B7c = L=E1=BB=99=20 =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=E1=BB=83 l=E1=BA=A1i nhi=E1=BB=81u c=C3=B4ng = tr=C3=ACnh ban =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u t=E1=BB=AB th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XVII = .

 

Kh=C3=B4ng = ph=E1=BA=A3i ch=E1=BB=89 m=E1=BB=99t m=C3=ACnh =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc = L=E1=BB=99 kh=E1=BB=9Fi x=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF. Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 =C4=91=C3=B3, c=C3=A1c linh = m=E1=BB=A5c th=E1=BB=ABa sai d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di B=E1=BB=93=20 =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha =E1=BB=9F Ma Cao =C4=91=C3=A3 ngh=C4=A9 ra m=E1=BB=99t = s=E1=BB=91 ph=C3=A1t =C3=A2m ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t, vi=E1=BA=BFt = b=E1=BA=B1ng c=C3=A1c m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 La=20 Tinh r=E1=BB=93i.

V=E1=BA=A3 l=E1=BA=A1i = m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di nh=C3=A2n c=C6=A1 h=E1=BB=99i = =C4=91=C3=B3=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t l=E1=BA=A1i vai tr=C3=B2 c=E1=BB=A7a Linh m=E1=BB=A5c = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 trong l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD h=C3=ACnh = th=C3=A1nh ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF m=E1=BB=9Bi=20 t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam. Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc n=C4=83m 1975, khi = l=C3=A0m vi=E1=BB=87c trong v=C4=83n ph=C3=B2ng c=E1=BB=A7a phong = tr=C3=A0o CPS=20 (Ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Tr=C3=ACnh Ph=C3=A1t Tri=E1=BB=83n Sinh Ho=E1=BA=A1t = Hoc =C4=90=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng) t=E1=BA=A1i khu V=E1=BA=ADn = =C4=90=E1=BB=99ng Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng Hoa L=C6=B0=20 =C4=90=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng Phan =C4=90=C3=ACnh Ph=C3=B9ng, = S=C3=A0ig=C3=B2n, m=E1=BB=99t gi=C3=A1o s=C6=B0 trung h=E1=BB=8Dc = c=C3=B9ng l=C3=A0m vi=E1=BB=87c v=E1=BB=9Bi t=C3=B4i c=C3=B3=20 l=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91=C3=A3 n=C3=B3i =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i =C3=BD:

 =E2=80=9CC=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o = C=C3=B4ng=20 gi=C3=A1o mu=E1=BB=91n th=C3=A0nh l=E1=BA=ADp ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF, chuy=E1=BB=83n t=E1=BA=A3i m=E1=BB=99t n=E1=BB=99i dung = v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a T=C3=A2y Ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng=20 M=E1=BB=9Bi, nh=E1=BA=B1m l=C3=A0m nh=C3=A2n d=C3=A2n Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam = gi=C3=A1n =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1n v=E1=BB=9Bi n=E1=BB=81n v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a = c=C5=A9, v=E1=BB=91n d=E1=BB=B1a v=C3=A0o n=E1=BB=81n=20 t=E1=BA=A3ng tam gi=C3=A1o v=C3=A0 v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a kh=E1=BB=91i = ch=E1=BB=AF vu=C3=B4ng=E2=80=9D (sic)

V=E1=BB=81 sau nh=C3=A0 = nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u Nguy=E1=BB=85n =C4=90=C3=ACnh=20 =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u c=C3=B3 ph=E1=BA=A3n b=C3=A1c trong Nguy=E1=BB=87t = san C=C3=B4ng Gi=C3=A1o V=C3=A0 D=C3=A2n T=E1=BB=99c s=E1=BB=91 145 = th=C3=A1ng 1.2007,=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng lu=E1=BA=ADn =C4=91i=E1=BB=87u c=E1=BB=A7a t=C3=A1c = gi=E1=BA=A3 m=E1=BB=87nh danh Gi=C3=A1o S=C6=B0 Ti=E1=BA=BFn S=C4=A9 = Ph=E1=BA=A1m V=C4=83n H=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng c=C3=B3=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng l=E1=BB=9Di l=E1=BA=BD b=E1=BB=99c l=E1=BB=99 th=C3=A1i = =C4=91=E1=BB=99 thi=E1=BA=BFu b=C3=ACnh th=E1=BA=A3n m=C3=A0 t=C3=A1c = gi=E1=BA=A3 Nguy=E1=BB=85n =C4=90=C3=ACnh =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u ghi=20 v=E1=BA=AFn t=E1=BA=AFt =E1=BB=9F=20 m=E1=BA=A5y gi=C3=B2ng gi=E1=BB=9Bi thi=E1=BB=87u: 

Trong b=C3=A1o = Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Lao =C3=90=E1=BB=99ng ch=E1=BB=A7 nh=E1=BA=ADt=20 ra ng=C3=A0y27.1.2007 n=C6=A1i trang 23, c=C3=B3 =C4=91=C4=83ng b=C3=A0i = "=C3=90i t=C3=ACm ngu=E1=BB=93n g=E1=BB=91c ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF" c=E1=BB=A7a=20 Gs - Ts. Ph=E1=BA=A1m V=C4=83n H=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng. N=E1=BB=99i dung = b=C3=A0i b=C3=A1o vu kh=E1=BB=91ng v=C3=A0 ph=E1=BB=89 b=C3=A1ng = Alexandre de=20 Rhodes (ta phi=C3=AAn =C3=A2m l=C3=A0 A L=E1=BB=8Bch S=C6=A1n = =C3=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99, th=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng g=E1=BB=8Di t=E1=BA=AFt = l=C3=A0 =C3=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99) b=E1=BB=91n =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u:=20

1) =C3=90=E1=BA=A1o = v=C4=83n, l=E1=BA=A5y c=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh c=E1=BB=A7a=20 Amaral v=C3=A0 Barbosa =C4=91em xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n T=E1=BB=AB = =C4=91i=E1=BB=83n Vi=E1=BB=87t B=E1=BB=93 La v=E1=BB=9Bi t=C3=AAn = m=C3=ACnh. =E2=80=93=20

2) =C3=90=C3=A3 = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o v=C4=83n l=E1=BA=A1i "t=E1=BB=B1 =C3=BD gh=C3=A9p = t=C3=AAn=20 m=C3=ACnh th=C3=AAm ch=E1=BB=AF de k=E1=BB=87ch c=E1=BB=A1m" khi ra = t=E1=BB=AB =C4=91i=E1=BB=83n =E1=BA=A5y. =E2=80=93 =

3) "Kh=C3=B4ng = bi=E1=BA=BFt l=E1=BB=85 ch=E1=BB=A7 nh=E1=BA=ADt n=E1=BA=B1m=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u tu=E1=BA=A7n hay cu=E1=BB=91i tu=E1=BA=A7n n=C3=AAn = Rhodes sinh =C3=BD Ph=C3=A9p gi=E1=BA=A3ng t=C3=A1m ng=C3=A0y".=20

4) Kh=C3=B4ng = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ph=C3=A9p tr=E1=BB=9F l=E1=BA=A1i =C3=90=C3=B4ng=20 Nam =C3=81, "Alexandre tr=C3=B4i d=E1=BA=A1t v=C3=A0o Iran... = k=E1=BA=BFt th=C3=BAc m=E1=BB=99t =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di tu h=C3=A0nh gian=20 tr=C3=A1".

 

 T=C3=B4i ch=E1=BB=89 t=E1=BB=B1 = h=E1=BB=8Fi gi=C3=A1o s=C6=B0 CPS kia n=C3=B3i nh=C6=B0 th=E1=BA=BF = ch=E1=BB=89=20 ph=E1=BA=A3n =E1=BA=A3nh quan =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m c=C3=A1 nh=C3=A2n hay = =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 ch=C3=ADnh l=E1=BA=ADp tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng = =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c b=C3=A0n lu=E1=BA=ADn trong=20 gi=E1=BB=9Bi tr=C3=AD th=E1=BB=A9c th=E1=BB=A7 c=E1=BB=B1u. S=E1=BB=B1 = ki=E1=BB=87n th=C3=A0nh l=E1=BA=ADp ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF = m=E1=BB=9Bi qu=E1=BA=A3 nhi=C3=AAn c=C3=B3 l=C3=A0m gi=C3=A1n=20 =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1n ph=E1=BA=A7n n=C3=A0o v=E1=BB=9Bi n=E1=BB=81n v=C4=83n = h=C3=B3a tam gi=C3=A1o, nh=C6=B0ng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta ch=C6=B0a = nh=E1=BA=ADn th=E1=BB=A9c =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c gi=C3=A1=20 tr=E1=BB=8B c=C3=B4ng c=E1=BB=A5 chuy=E1=BB=83n t=E1=BA=A3i v=C4=83n = h=C3=B3a ti=E1=BB=87n l=E1=BB=A3i v=C3=B4 song =C4=91=E1=BB=83 = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 canh t=C3=A2n =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t=20 n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc, nh=E1=BB=9D m=E1=BB=99t ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng ti=E1=BB=87n = gi=C3=A1o d=E1=BB=A5c thu=E1=BA=ADn l=E1=BB=A3i, =C4=91=C6=A1n = gi=E1=BA=A3n, c=E1=BA=A5t c=C3=A1nh b=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc v=C3=A0o = nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 n=C4=83m t=C6=B0=C6=A1ng lai s=C3=A1ng l=E1=BA=A1n v=C3=A0 nhanh = ch=C3=B3ng cho d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c so v=E1=BB=9Bi n=E1=BB=81n v=C4=83n = h=C3=B3a =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t n=E1=BB=81n=20 t=E1=BA=A3ng tr=C3=AAn kh=E1=BB=91i ch=E1=BB=AF = vu=C3=B4ng.

=C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99=20 v=E1=BA=ABn c=C6=A1 b=E1=BA=A3n = l=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91=C3=BAc k=E1=BA=BFt v=C3=A0=20 ho=C3=A0n t=E1=BA=A5t b=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u c=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh ch=E1=BA=BF=20 bi=E1=BA=BFn ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF th=C3=A0nh = c=C3=B4ng.=20 Ngay t=E1=BB=AB = n=C4=83m 1651, n=C4=83m=20 t=E1=BB=B1 =C4=91i=E1=BB=83n Vi=E1=BB=87t-B=E1=BB=93-La ch=C3=A0o = =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di. =C4=90=C3=A2y c=C5=A9ng l=C3=A0 n=C4=83m = =C4=91=C3=A1nh d=E1=BA=A5u khai sinh ch=C3=ADnh th=E1=BB=A9c ch=E1=BB=AF = Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF. V=C3=A0 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam c=C3=B3=20 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = th=E1=BB=A9 ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt m=E1=BB=9Bi=20 c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh. =

T=E1=BB=AB l=C3=A2u, = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam vi=E1=BA=BFt theo ki=E1=BB=83u kh=E1=BB=91i vu=C3=B4ng = Trung Hoa. =C4=90=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 n=E1=BB=97 l=E1=BB=B1c bi=E1=BA=BFn = ch=E1=BA=BF ra=20 h=C3=ACnh th=E1=BB=A9c ch=E1=BB=AF N=C3=B4m v=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=AF khoa = =C4=91=E1=BA=A9u th=E1=BB=9Di Tr=E1=BB=8Bnh Tr=C3=A1ng do h=E1=BB=8D s=C3=A1ng ch=E1=BA=BF = ra t=E1=BB=AB=20 th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XIII-XVII. =C4=90i=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 = hi=E1=BB=87n tinh th=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91=E1=BB=99c l=E1=BA=ADp c=E1=BB=A7a = d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam=20 v=E1=BB=9Bi kh=E1=BB=91i v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a Trung Hoa. Nh=C6=B0ng = nh=E1=BB=AFng n=E1=BB=97 l=E1=BB=B1c =E1=BA=A5y v=E1=BA=ABn ch=E1=BB=89 = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c s=E1=BB=AD d=E1=BB=A5ng t=E1=BA=A1m th=E1=BB=9Di=20 trong gi=E1=BB=9Bi tr=C3=AD th=E1=BB=A9c nho h=E1=BB=8Dc. C=C3=B2n =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i =C4=91a s=E1=BB=91 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83 =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc v=C3=A0 = vi=E1=BA=BFt =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ch=E1=BB=AF=20 H=C3=A1n hay ch=E1=BB=AF N=C3=B4m = v=C3=A0 Khoa=20 =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u[39] m=E1=BB=99t c=C3=A1ch = d=E1=BB=85 d=C3=A0ng, v=C3=AC c=C3=A1c b=E1=BB=99 t=E1=BB=99c=20 Trung Hoa c=C3=B3 = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn 80 ng=C3=A0n ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt=20 kh=C3=A1c nhau. N=E1=BB=97 = l=E1=BB=B1c ban =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u c=E1=BB=A7a Linh M=E1=BB=A5c=20 Majorica nh=E1=BA=B1m s=E1=BB=AD d=E1=BB=A5ng ch=E1=BB=AF N=C3=B4m = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 truy=E1=BB=81n =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o =C4=91=C3=A3 ch=E1=BB=89 = t=E1=BB=93n t=E1=BA=A1i trong m=E1=BB=99t gi=C3=A1i =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1n=20 chuy=E1=BB=83n ti=E1=BA=BFp ng=E1=BA=AFn ng=E1=BB=A7i.

C=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0=20 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u ti=C3=AAn khi =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, =C4=91=C3=A3 b=E1=BA=AFt =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u d=C3=B9ng = m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 La Tinh =C4=91=E1=BB=83 vi=E1=BA=BFt=20 l=E1=BA=A1i =C3=A2m gi=E1=BB=8Dng m=C3=A0 h=E1=BB=8D nghe = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c t=E1=BB=AB ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t. Khi = Linh m=E1=BB=A5c=20 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, = =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 ph=C3=A1t =C3=A2m = ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c vi=E1=BA=BFt = b=E1=BA=B1ng ch=E1=BB=AF La Tinh=20 r=E1=BB=93i.

V=C3=AC th=E1=BA=BF, c=C3=B3=20 th=E1=BB=83 n=C3=B3i r=E1=BA=B1ng, c=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh s=C3=A1ng = t=E1=BA=A1o ra ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc = ti=C3=AAn l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t c=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh=20 chung t=E1=BA=ADp = th=E1=BB=83 c=E1=BB=A7a c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai = t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam v=C6=A1i s=E1=BB=B1 c=E1=BB=99ng t=C3=A1c = c=E1=BB=A7a nhi=E1=BB=81u ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam = b=E1=BA=A3n=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba. = Nh=C6=B0ng khi ch=C3=ADnh=20 th=E1=BB=A9c cho =E1=BA=A5n = h=C3=A0nh c=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt = ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t c=E1=BB=A7a m=C3=ACnh, th=C3=AC =C4=91=E1=BB=91ng th=E1=BB=9Di = Alexandre de Rhodes =C4=91=C3=A3 khai = s=C3=A1ng ra ch=E1=BB=AF=20 vi=E1=BA=BFt n=C3=A0y. = Th=E1=BB=A9 ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt n=C3=A0y ban =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c c=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o = s=E1=BB=AD d=E1=BB=A5ng, sau=20 =C4=91=C3=B3, =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c to=C3=A0n th=E1=BB=83 d=C3=A2n = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam d=C3=B9ng v=C3=A0 bi=E1=BA=BFn n=C3=B3 th=C3=A0nh = ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF, m=E1=BB=99t ph=E1=BA=A7n d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi = t=C3=A1c =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng c=E1=BB=A7a ch=E1=BA=BF =C4=91=E1=BB=99 = ch=C3=ADnh tr=E1=BB=8B ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Ph=C3=A1p=20 t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam. T=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BA=A3 c=C3=A1c=20 qu=E1=BB=91c gia =C4=90=C3=B4ng = =C3=81 =C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc ao c=C3=B3 h=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng=20 ch=E1=BB=AF = vi=E1=BA=BFt ri=C3=AAng  cho qu=E1=BB=91c gia m=C3=ACnh y = nh=C6=B0 ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF n=C3=A0y v=E1=BA=ADy.=20

Hi=E1=BB=87n nay, nh=E1=BB=9D h=E1=BB=87=20 th=E1=BB=91ng m=E1=BA=A1ng l=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi v=E1=BB=87 tinh, = m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=91 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=B3 ch=E1=BB=A7 = tr=C6=B0=C6=A1ng ph=E1=BB=A5c ho=E1=BA=A1t kh=E1=BB=91i ch=E1=BB=AF = vu=C3=B4ng cho=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, v=E1=BB=8Bn c=E1=BB=9B tr=E1=BB=9F l=E1=BA=A1i = truy=E1=BB=81n th=E1=BB=91ng v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a tam gi=C3=A1o v=C3=A0 = ngu=E1=BB=93n g=E1=BB=91c ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng =C4=90=C3=B4ng,=20 nh=C6=B0 m=E1=BB=99t t=C6=B0 t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng ph=E1=BA=A7n n=C3=A0o = m=E1=BA=B7c c=E1=BA=A3m ch=E1=BB=91ng l=E1=BA=A1i ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng = T=C3=A2y, ch=E1=BB=91ng l=E1=BA=A1i t=C3=A0n t=C3=ADch c=E1=BB=A7a=20 ch=E1=BB=A7 ngh=C4=A9a th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n

B=E1=BA=A3n th=C3=A2n=20 Alexandre de Rhodes =C4=91=C3=A3 vi=E1=BA=BFt nh=C6=B0 = sau:

=E2=80=9CCh=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i kh=E1=BB=9Fi=20 h=C3=A0nh t=E1=BB=AB Macao v=C3=A0o th=C3=A1ng 10 n=C4=83m 1624 v=C3=A0 = sau m=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ch=C3=ADnh ng=C3=A0y th=C3=AC t=E1=BB=9Bi = =C4=90=C3=A0ng Trong,=20 t=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BA=A3 =C4=91=E1=BB=81u h=E1=BB=93 h=E1=BB=9Fi = b=E1=BB=9Fi ho=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng t=E1=BB=91t. =E1=BB=9E = =C4=91=C3=B3 ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i g=E1=BA=B7p cha Pina, ng=C3=A0i = r=E1=BA=A5t=20 th=C3=B4ng t=E1=BA=A1o ti=E1=BA=BFng x=E1=BB=A9 n=C3=A0y, m=E1=BB=99t = th=E1=BB=A9 ti=E1=BA=BFng kh=C3=A1c h=E1=BA=B3n ti=E1=BA=BFng = T=C3=A0u. Ti=E1=BA=BFng m=E1=BB=9Bi n=C3=A0y c=C3=B2n=20 th=C3=B4ng d=E1=BB=A5ng =E1=BB=9F =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i, =E1=BB=9F = Cao B=E1=BA=B1ng, =E1=BB=9F =C4=90=C3=A0ng Trong v=C3=A0 = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta c=C3=B2n nghe v=C3=A0 hi=E1=BB=83u =E1=BB=9F=20 ba x=E1=BB=A9 l=C3=A2n bang kh=C3=A1c. =C4=90=E1=BB=91i v=E1=BB=9Bi = t=C3=B4i, th=C3=BA th=E1=BA=ADt v=E1=BB=ABa t=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=90=C3=A0ng = Trong v=C3=A0 nghe d=C3=A2n x=E1=BB=A9 n=C3=A0y=20 n=C3=B3i, nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 ph=E1=BB=A5 n=E1=BB=AF, t=C3=B4i = t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng nh=C6=B0 nghe chim h=C3=B3t v=C3=A0 t=C3=B4i = kh=C3=B4ng bao gi=E1=BB=9D mong c=C3=B3=20 th=E1=BB=83 h=E1=BB=8Dc =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c.

H=E1=BA=BFt c=C3=A1c ti=E1=BA=BFng=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=E1=BB=99c v=E1=BA=ADn v=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=89 = ph=C3=A2n bi=E1=BB=87t =C3=BD do nhi=E1=BB=81u gi=E1=BB=8Dng n=C3=B3i = kh=C3=A1c=20 nhau. M=E1=BB=99t = ch=E1=BB=AF nh=C6=B0 =E2=80=9C=C4=91=E1=BA=A1i=E2=80=9D ch=E1=BA=B3ng=20 h=E1=BA=A1n, c=C3=B3 t=E1=BB=9Bi hai m=C6=B0=C6=A1i ba ngh=C4=A9a = ho=C3=A0n to=C3=A0n kh=C3=A1c nhau, do c=C3=A1ch =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc = kh=C3=A1c nhau, v=C3=AC th=E1=BA=BF=20 khi n=C3=B3i th=C3=AC nh=C6=B0 ca nh=C6=B0 h=C3=A1t. T=C3=B4i = =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=E1=BB=81 c=E1=BA=ADp t=E1=BB=9Bi nhi=E1=BB=81u = h=C6=A1n trong cu=E1=BB=91n L=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD =C4=90=C3=A0ng=20 Ngo=C3=A0i. C=C4=83n c=E1=BB=A9 v=C3=A0o =C4=91=C3=B3 th=C3=AC = th=E1=BA=A5y h=E1=BB=8Dc th=E1=BB=A9 ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF n=C3=A0y = kh=C3=B4ng ph=E1=BA=A3i l=C3=A0 d=E1=BB=85.=20

V=C3=AC th=E1=BA=BF m=C3=A0 t=C3=B4i=20 th=E1=BA=A5y cha Fernandez v=C3=A0 cha Buzomi ph=E1=BA=A3i d=C3=B9ng = th=C3=B4ng ng=C3=B4n =C4=91=E1=BB=83 gi=E1=BA=A3ng, ch=E1=BB=89 c=C3=B3 = cha=20 Francois de Pina kh=C3=B4ng c=E1=BA=A7n th=C3=B4ng ng=C3=B4n v=C3=AC = n=C3=B3i r=E1=BA=A5t th=E1=BA=A1o. T=C3=B4i nh=E1=BA=ADn th=E1=BA=A5y = b=C3=A0i ng=C3=A0i=20 gi=E1=BA=A3ng c=C3=B3 =C3=ADch nhi=E1=BB=81u h=C6=A1n b=C3=A0i c=C3=A1c = v=E1=BB=8B kh=C3=A1c. =C4=90i=E1=BB=81u n=C3=A0y khi=E1=BA=BFn = t=C3=B4i t=E1=BA=ADn tu=E1=BB=B5 h=E1=BB=8Dc h=E1=BB=8Fi,=20 tuy v=E1=BA=A5t v=E1=BA=A3, th=E1=BA=BF nh=C6=B0ng kh=C3=B3 =C3=ADt = m=C3=A0 l=E1=BB=A3i nhi=E1=BB=81u. T=C3=B4i li=E1=BB=81n chuy=C3=AAn = ch=C3=BA v=C3=A0o vi=E1=BB=87c. M=E1=BB=97i=20 ng=C3=A0y t=C3=B4i h=E1=BB=8Dc m=E1=BB=99t b=C3=A0i v=C3=A0 si=C3=AAng = n=C4=83ng nh=C6=B0 khi x=C6=B0a v=C3=B9i =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u v=C3=A0o khoa = th=E1=BA=A7n h=E1=BB=8Dc =E1=BB=9F R=C3=B4ma.=20 Ch=C3=BAa =C4=91=C3=A3 cho t=C3=B4i trong b=E1=BB=91n th=C3=A1ng = t=C3=B4i =C4=91=E1=BB=A7 kh=E1=BA=A3 n=C4=83ng =C4=91=E1=BB=83 = ng=E1=BB=93i t=C3=B2a gi=E1=BA=A3i t=E1=BB=99i v=C3=A0 trong=20 s=C3=A1u th=C3=A1ng t=C3=B4i =C4=91=C3=A3 gi=E1=BA=A3ng = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c b=E1=BA=B1ng ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF =C4=90=C3=A0ng = Trong v=C3=A0 c=E1=BB=A9 th=E1=BA=BF t=C3=B4i ti=E1=BA=BFp t=E1=BB=A5c=20 trong nhi=E1=BB=81u n=C4=83m. T=C3=B4i khuy=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=A5t = c=E1=BA=A3 c=C3=A1c v=E1=BB=8B nhi=E1=BB=87t t=C3=A2m mu=E1=BB=91n = t=E1=BB=9Bi nh=E1=BB=AFng t=E1=BB=89nh d=C3=B2ng=20 ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i =C4=91=E1=BB=83 chinh ph=E1=BB=A5c c=C3=A1c linh = h=E1=BB=93n, th=C3=AC n=C3=AAn chuy=C3=AAn c=E1=BA=A7n ngay = t=E1=BB=AB bu=E1=BB=95i=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u. T=C3=B4i c=E1=BA=A3 quy=E1=BA=BFt r=E1=BA=B1ng = hi=E1=BB=87u qu=E1=BA=A3 c=E1=BB=A7a vi=E1=BB=87c tr=C3=ACnh b=C3=A0y = c=C3=A1c m=E1=BA=A7u nhi=E1=BB=87m trong ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF=20 c=E1=BB=A7a h=E1=BB=8D th=C3=AC v=C3=B4 c=C3=B9ng l=E1=BB=9Bn lao = h=C6=A1n khi gi=E1=BA=A3ng b=E1=BA=B1ng th=C3=B4ng ng=C3=B4n: th=C3=B4ng = ng=C3=B4n ch=E1=BB=89 n=C3=B3i=20 =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u m=C3=ACnh d=E1=BB=8Bch ch=E1=BB=A9 kh=C3=B4ng sao = n=C3=B3i v=E1=BB=9Bi hi=E1=BB=87u l=E1=BB=B1c c=E1=BB=A7a l=E1=BB=9Di = t=E1=BB=AB mi=E1=BB=87ng nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o = c=C3=B3=20 Th=C3=A1nh Th=E1=BA=A7n ban sinh kh=C3=AD.=E2=80=9D[40] 

Tuy nhi=C3=AAn,=20 de Rhodes r=C3=B5 r=C3=A0ng =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 c=C3=B4ng l=E1=BB=9Bn = trong vi=E1=BB=87c h=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng = h=C3=B3a vi=E1=BB=87c=20 ghi =C3=A2m ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t b=E1=BA=B1ng ch=E1=BB=AF c=C3=A1i = La tinh m=E1=BB=99t c=C3=A1ch =C4=91=E1=BA=A7y =C4=91=E1=BB=A7. = Nh=E1=BB=9D cu=E1=BB=91n t=E1=BB=AB =C4=91i=E1=BB=83n=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t-B=E1=BB=93-La c=E1=BB=A7a =C3=B4ng, ch=E1=BB=AF = Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF m=E1=BB=9Bi b=E1=BA=AFt =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u = ph=E1=BB=95 bi=E1=BA=BFn trong c=E1=BB=99ng =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng Ki-t=C3=B4 = gi=C3=A1o=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t n=E1=BB=81n m=C3=B3ng cho = vi=E1=BB=87c s=E1=BB=AD d=E1=BB=A5ng r=E1=BB=99ng r=C3=A3i sau n=C3=A0y. =

M=E1=BB=9Bi=20 =C4=91=C3=A2y t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 linh m=E1=BB=A5c Roland = Jacques [41] = thu=E1=BB=99c m=E1=BB=99t Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng =C4=90=E1=BA=A1i = H=E1=BB=8Dc=20 St Paul Canada l=C3=A0m m=E1=BB=99t c=C3=B4ng vi=E1=BB=87c r=E1=BA=A5t = c=C3=B3 =C3=BD ngh=C4=A9a l=C3=A0 khai th=C3=A1c nh=E1=BB=AFng = ngu=E1=BB=93n t=C3=A0i=20 li=E1=BB=87u T=C3=A2y, B=E1=BB=93, =C3=9D, =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c=E2=80=A6 = l=C3=A0m s=C3=A1ng t=E1=BB=8F va chi ti=E1=BA=BFt h=C3=B3a nh=E1=BB=AFng = ph=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91=C3=B3ng g=C3=B3p c=E1=BB=A5 th=E1=BB=83 c=E1=BB=A7a=20 c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai qu=E1=BB=91c t=E1=BB=8Bch kh=C3=A1c c=C3=B9ng = v=E1=BB=9Bi d=C3=B3ng g=C3=B3p c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99. = Th=E1=BB=B1c ra Nh=C3=B3m Linh M=E1=BB=A5c = Roland Jacques c=C3=B3 nhi=E1=BB=81u c=E1=BB=91 g=E1=BA=AFng = =C4=91=E1=BB=83=20 qu=C3=A2n b=C3=ACnh v=C3=A0 l=C3=A0m s=C3=A1ng tr=E1=BB=8F th=C3=AAm = nh=E1=BB=AFng =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u ki=E1=BB=87n c=C3=A1c t=C3=A1c = gi=E1=BA=A3 kh=C3=A1c ch=C6=B0a c=C3=B3 hay ch=C6=B0a=20 l=C3=A0m

N=E1=BA=BFu=20 c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t s=E1=BB=B1 ng=E1=BB=99 nh=E1=BA=ADn n=C3=A0o, = c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 quan =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u = c=E1=BB=A7a Roland Jacques l=C3=A0m cho=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di kh=C3=A1c hi=E1=BB=83u =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 = l=C3=A0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Ph=C3=A1p. M=C3=A0 v=C3=AC v=C3=A0o = m=E1=BB=99t giai =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1n ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Ph=C3=A1p = =C4=91ang=20 qu=E1=BA=A3n tr=E1=BB=8B =C4=90=C3=B4ng D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng, n=C3=AAn = c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 c=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u Ph=C3=A1p = v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam=20 kh=C3=A1c c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 =C4=91=E1=BB=81 cao c=C3=B4ng = tr=E1=BA=A1ng c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99, m=E1=BB=99t = th=E1=BB=ABa sai ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Ph=C3=A1p, th=C3=A1i qu=C3=A1=20 ch=C4=83ng?

V=E1=BB=81=20 ph=C3=ADa ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t, c=C3=B3 l=E1=BA=BD = Nguy=E1=BB=85n Kh=E1=BA=AFc Xuy=C3=AAn l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t h=E1=BB=8Dc = gi=E1=BA=A3 th=E1=BB=B1c hi=E1=BB=87n nhi=E1=BB=81u nghi=C3=AAn=20 c=E1=BB=A9u v=C3=A0 d=E1=BB=8Bch thu=E1=BA=ADt c=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh = c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 c=C5=A9ng nh=C3=ACn nh=E1=BA=ADn = l=C3=A0 c=C3=A1c nhi=E1=BB=81u th=C3=A0nh ph=E1=BA=A7n=20 kh=C3=A1c nhau g=C3=B3p ph=E1=BA=A7n v=C3=A0o qu=C3=A1 tr=C3=ACnh = ho=C3=A0n th=C3=A0nh Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c Ng=E1=BB=AF. Nh=C6=B0ng = nh=C3=A0 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u=20 Nguy=E1=BB=85n Kh=E1=BA=AFc Xuy=C3=AAn c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 ch=C6=B0a hay = phong =C4=91=E1=BB=A7 =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u ki=E1=BB=87n =C4=91=E1=BB=83 = khai th=C3=A1c nh=E1=BB=AFng t=C3=A0i li=E1=BB=87u=20 b=E1=BA=B1ng c=C3=A1c ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF kh=C3=A1c c=E1=BB=A7a = c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai l=C3=A0m vi=E1=BB=87c v=E1=BB=9Bi h=C3=A0y sau = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam=20 v=C3=A0o th=E1=BB=9Di =C4=91i=E1=BB=83n =C4=91=C3=B3 hay sau = n=C3=A0y.

 

F.=20 V=E1=BA=A5n =C4=90=E1=BB=81 Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o V=C3=A0 Gi=C3=A1o = L=C3=BD H=E1=BB=99i Nh=E1=BA=ADp V=C4=83n H=C3=B3a B=E1=BA=A3n = =C4=90=E1=BB=8Ba

 

 

Bu=E1=BB=95i ban =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u c=E1=BB=A7a=20 l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam = tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc th=E1=BB=83 k=E1=BB=B7 XVII, c=C3=B3 nhi=E1=BB=81u = =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u cho =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn nay v=E1=BA=ABn c=C3=B2n=20 m=C3=B9 m=E1=BB=9D. Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta ch=E1=BB=89 bi=E1=BA=BFt =

Nh=E1=BB=AFng chuy=E1=BA=BFn truy=E1=BB=81n=20 gi=C3=A1o n=C3=A0y ch=E1=BB=89 c=C3=B3 t=C3=ADnh t=E1=BA=A1m = th=E1=BB=9Di v=C3=A0 kh=C3=B4ng mang l=E1=BA=A1i nhi=E1=BB=81u = k=E1=BA=BFt qu=E1=BA=A3. Ch=E1=BB=89 t=E1=BB=AB khi c=C3=A1c=20 th=E1=BB=ABa sai d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t ch=C3=A2n = t=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t Vi=E1=BB=87t (1615) c=C3=B4ng cu=E1=BB=99c = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o m=E1=BB=9Bi th=E1=BB=B1c s=E1=BB=B1=20 tr=E1=BB=9F n=C3=AAn kh=E1=BB=9Fi s=E1=BA=AFc.

Th=E1=BB=A9=20 nh=E1=BA=A5t, linh = m=E1=BB=A5c =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 c=C3=B3 s=C3=A1ng = ki=E1=BA=BFn=20 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o =E1=BB=9F =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i l=C3=A0 = kh=C3=A9o l=C3=A9o v=E1=BA=ADn d=E1=BB=A5ng c=C3=A1c hi=E1=BB=83u = bi=E1=BA=BFt khoa h=E1=BB=8Dc=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=83 thuy=E1=BA=BFt ph=E1=BB=A5c ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di nghe, = nh=C6=B0 ki=E1=BA=BFn th=E1=BB=A9c v=E1=BB=81 =C4=91i=E1=BA=A1 l=C3=BD, = v=E1=BB=81 thi=C3=AAn=20 v=C4=83n

Th=E1=BB=A9=20 hai, =C4=91=E1=BA=B7c = =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c nhi=E1=BB=81u nh=C3=A0=20 nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u nh=E1=BA=ADn =C4=91=C3=ACnh gi=C3=BAp = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 g=E1=BA=B7t h=C3=A1i =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = nhi=E1=BB=81u th=C3=A0nh c=C3=B4ng l=C3=A0 bi=E1=BA=BFt v=E1=BA=ADn=20 d=E1=BB=A5ng t=E1=BB=91i =C4=91a ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba = ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng.

Th=E1=BB=A9=20 ba, =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc = L=E1=BB=99 c=C3=B2n t=E1=BB=8F ra r=E1=BA=A5t nh=E1=BA=A1y b=C3=A9n=20 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc nhu c=E1=BA=A7u c=E1=BB=A7a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = nghe. Ngo=C3=A0i ra, linh m=E1=BB=A5c c=C5=A9ng r=E1=BA=A5t = uy=E1=BB=83n chuy=E1=BB=83n khi=20 tr=C3=ACnh b=C3=A0y v=E1=BB=81 =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o Ch=C3=BAa, m=E1=BA=B7c = d=C3=B9 v=E1=BA=A9n ch=C6=B0a tho=C3=A1t kh=E1=BB=8Fi nh=E1=BB=AFng = th=C3=A0nh ki=E1=BA=BFn chung c=E1=BB=A7a=20 c=E1=BB=99ng =C4=91o=C3=A0n C=E1=BB=99ng gi=C3=A1o v=E1=BB=91n c=C3=B3 = nhi=E1=BB=81u th=C3=A1nh ki=E1=BA=BFn v=E1=BB=9Bi c=C3=A1c t=C3=B4n = gi=C3=A1o=20 kh=C3=A1c.

Th=E1=BB=A9=20 t=C6=B0, gi=E1=BB=91ng = nh=C6=B0 c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn=20 kh=C3=A1c, linh m=E1=BB=A5c =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 r=E1=BA=A5t = quan t=C3=A2m =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn c=C3=A1c phong t=E1=BB=A5c t=E1=BA=ADp = qu=C3=A1n =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng v=C3=A0=20 =C4=91=C6=B0a ra nh=E1=BB=AFng th=C3=ADch =E1=BB=A9ng ph=C3=B9 = h=E1=BB=A3p. Nh=E1=BB=AFng t=E1=BA=ADp t=E1=BB=A5c d=E1=BB=8B = =C4=91oan c=E1=BB=A7a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t l=C3=BAc = =C4=91=C3=B3=20 trong ba ng=C3=A0y T=E1=BA=BFt =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c thay = b=E1=BA=B1ng ba ng=C3=A0y d=C3=A2ng k=C3=ADnh Ba Ng=C3=B4i Thi=C3=AAn = Ch=C3=BAa. T=E1=BB=A5c=20 d=E1=BB=B1ng c=C3=A2y n=C3=AAu c=C5=A9ng =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c thay = th=E1=BA=BF b=E1=BA=B1ng vi=E1=BB=87c d=E1=BB=B1ng c=C3=A2y th=C3=A1nh = gi=C3=A1. Linh m=E1=BB=A5c c=C5=A9ng =C4=91=C3=A3=20 l=C3=A0m cho c=C3=A1c l=E1=BB=85 nghi C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o mang = m=E1=BA=A7u s=E1=BA=AFc ri=C3=AAng ph=C3=B9 h=E1=BB=A3p v=E1=BB=9Bi = t=C3=A2m t=C3=ACnh c=E1=BB=A7a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t.

Nhi=E1=BB=81u s=C3=A1ng ki=E1=BA=BFn c=E1=BB=A7a=20 linh m=E1=BB=A5c trong l=C4=A9nh v=E1=BB=B1c n=C3=A0y t=E1=BB=8F ra = c=C3=B3 hi=E1=BB=87u qu=E1=BA=A3 r=E1=BA=A5t l=E1=BB=9Bn v=C3=A0 = c=C3=B2n =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di C=C3=B4ng=20 gi=C3=A1o Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam l=C6=B0u gi=E1=BB=AF cho t=E1=BB=9Bi = ng=C3=A0y nay nh=C6=B0 l=C3=A0m ph=C3=A9p n=E1=BA=BFn v=C3=A0o = d=E1=BB=8Bp l=E1=BB=85 N=E1=BA=BFn, d=C3=B9ng l=C3=A1=20 d=E1=BB=ABa thay l=C3=A1 =C3=B4 liu v=C3=A0o d=E1=BB=8Bp l=E1=BB=85 = L=C3=A1, ng=E1=BA=AFm M=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di L=C4=83m S=E1=BB=B1 = Th=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Kh=C3=B3 Ch=C3=BAa Gi=C3=AAsu=20 v=C3=A0o M=C3=B9a Chay... Ngo=C3=A0i ra, cha c=C3=B2n khuy=E1=BA=BFn = kh=C3=ADch gi=C3=A1o d=C3=A2n s=C3=A1ng t=C3=A1c v=C3=A0 ph=E1=BB=95 = bi=E1=BA=BFn th=C6=A1=20 v=C4=83n v=E1=BB=81 =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o. Nh=E1=BB=AFng t=C3=A1c = ph=E1=BA=A9m n=C3=A0y =C4=91=C3=A3 g=C3=B3p ph=E1=BA=A7n kh=C3=B4ng = nh=E1=BB=8F v=C3=A0o vi=E1=BB=87c gi=E1=BB=9Bi thi=E1=BB=87u Ch=C3=BAa=20 cho ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di kh=C3=A1c.

Sau = c=C3=B9ng, vai tr=C3=B2=20 to l=E1=BB=9Bn c=E1=BB=A7a H=E1=BB=99i Th=E1=BA=A7y Gi=E1=BA=A3ng = trong l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD Gi=C3=A1o H=E1=BB=99i mi=E1=BB=81n = B=E1=BA=AFc su=E1=BB=91t m=E1=BA=A5y tr=C4=83m=20 n=C4=83m l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t b=C3=A0i h=E1=BB=8Dc l=E1=BB=9Bn cho = vi=E1=BB=87c t=E1=BB=95 ch=E1=BB=A9c c=C3=A1c h=E1=BB=99i = =C4=91o=C3=A0n, c=C3=A1c c=E1=BB=99ng =C4=91o=C3=A0n d=C3=B2ng tu=20 trong Gi=C3=A1o H=E1=BB=99i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam ng=C3=A0y = nay.

Ph=E1=BA=A3i n=C3=B3i cho c=C3=B4ng=20 b=C3=ACnh =C4=91=E1=BA=A7y =C4=91=E1=BB=A7. C=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh c=C3=B3 = =C3=BD ngh=C4=A9a nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 = =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=E1=BB=81 ngh=E1=BB=8B v=E1=BB=9Bi T=C3=B2a = Th=C3=A1nh m=E1=BB=99t=20 ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng =C3=A1n truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o m=C3=A0 sau n=C3=A0y = ph=C3=A1t sinh H=E1=BB=99i Th=E1=BB=ABa Sai Bal=C3=AA = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o=20 cho kh=E1=BA=AFp v=C3=B9ng =C4=90=C3=B4ng =C3=81 trong =C4=91=C3=B3 = c=C3=B3 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, H=E1=BB=99i Th=E1=BB=ABa Sai l=C3=A0 = h=E1=BB=87 qu=E1=BA=A3 g=E1=BA=A7n nh=E1=BA=A5t trong=20 s=C3=A1ng ki=E1=BA=BFn truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o c=E1=BB=A7a = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99.

 

 

Th=E1=BB=AD =C4=90i =C4=90=E1=BA=BFn=20 M=E1=BB=99t K=E1=BA=BFt = Lu=E1=BA=ADn

 

1. = Trong b=E1=BB=91i c=E1=BA=A3nh=20 c=C3=B3 t=E1=BB=B1 do ng=C3=B4n lu=E1=BA=ADn =E1=BB=9F h=E1=BA=A3i = ngo=E1=BA=A1i, trong ch=E1=BB=A9ng m=E1=BB=B1c nh=E1=BA=A5t = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh, quy=E1=BB=81n t=E1=BB=B1 do =C4=91=C3=B3 c=C5=A9ng=20 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 b=E1=BB=8B nh=E1=BB=AFng c=C3=A1 nh=C3=A2n hay = b=E1=BB=99 ph=E1=BA=ADn t=C3=ACnh b=C3=A1o ngo=E1=BA=A1i v=E1=BA=ADn = c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=A3ng C=E1=BB=99ng S=E1=BA=A3nVi=E1=BB=87t Nam=20 =E1=BB=9F trong n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc ch=E1=BB=A7 =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng = ch=E1=BB=89 =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o. =C4=90=E1=BB=93ng th=E1=BB=9Di c=C5=A9ng = c=C3=B3 nh=E1=BB=AFng ti=E1=BA=BFng n=C3=B3i c=E1=BB=A7a nh=C3=A0 = nghi=C3=AAn=20 c=E1=BB=A9u n=C3=A0y kh=C3=A1c l=C3=AAn ti=E1=BA=BFng nh=C6=B0ng = kh=C3=B4ng lu=C3=B4n c=C3=B3 tr=C3=A1ch nhi=E1=BB=87m v=C3=A0 c=C4=83n = c=E1=BB=A9 khoa h=E1=BB=8Dc khi=20 n=C3=B3i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn m=E1=BB=99t nh=C3=A2n v=E1=BA=ADt hay = s=E1=BB=B1 ki=E1=BB=87n qu=C3=A1 kh=E1=BB=A9.

Nhi=E1=BB=81u t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 n=C3=B3i=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 nh=C6=B0 m=E1=BB=99t phong = tr=C3=A0o t=C3=A1i ph=C3=AA ph=C3=A1n nh=E1=BB=AFng nh=E1=BA=ADn = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh =C4=91=C3=A3 th=C3=A0nh h=C3=ACnh v=E1=BB=81 nh=C3=A2n = v=E1=BA=ADt =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 v=C3=A0 v=C3=AC th=C3=A0nh = ki=E1=BA=BFn ti=C3=AAu c=E1=BB=B1c =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 =C4=91=E1=BB=91i = v=E1=BB=9Bi D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn t=E1=BB=AB nh=E1=BB=AFng th=E1=BA=BF = k=E1=BB=B7=20 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc, nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 sau cu=E1=BB=99c C=E1=BA=A3i = C=C3=A1ch Tin L=C3=A0nh =E1=BB=9F Ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng = T=C3=A2y..

 

2. = =C4=90=E1=BB=93ng th=E1=BB=9Di trong=20 n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc quy=E1=BB=81n t=E1=BB=B1 do ng=C3=B4n lu=E1=BA=ADn = c=E1=BB=A7a c=C3=B4ng d=C3=A2n trong n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc =E1=BA=A5y = l=E1=BA=A1i b=E1=BB=8B ch=C3=ADnh quy=E1=BB=81n t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc=20 =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1t, ch=E1=BB=89 =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ch=C3=ADnh quy=E1=BB=81n = =C4=91=E1=BB=99c =C4=91o=C3=A0n l=C3=A8o l=C3=A1i c=C3=B4ng = lu=E1=BA=ADn, v=C3=A0 cho ph=C3=A9p nh=E1=BB=AFng b=E1=BA=A3i = vi=E1=BA=BFt=20 n=C3=A0o c=C3=B3 =C3=BD ki=E1=BA=BFn ph=C3=B9 h=E1=BB=A3p v=E1=BB=9Bi = quan =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m l=E1=BA=ADp tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng c=E1=BB=A7a = =C4=90=E1=BA=A3ng C=E1=BB=99ng S=E1=BA=A3n Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c=20 c=C3=B4ng b=E1=BB=91.

=C4=90=E1=BB=91i v=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99,=20 d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng nh=C6=B0 =C4=90=E1=BA=A3ng C=E1=BB=99ng S=E1=BA=A3n = ph=E1=BA=A3i mi=E1=BB=85n c=C6=B0=E1=BB=A1ng ch=E1=BA=A5p nh=E1=BA=ADn = c=C3=B4ng lao trong qu=C3=A1 tr=C3=ACnh h=C3=ACnh=20 th=C3=A0nh ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF. Trong qu=C3=A1 = tr=C3=ACnh =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u tranh, =C4=90=E1=BA=A3ng =C4=91=C3=A3 = l=E1=BB=A3i d=E1=BB=A5ngch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF, = n=E1=BA=BFu=20 kh=C3=B4ng ho=C3=A0n to=C3=A0n th=E1=BA=ADt l=C3=B2ng t=C3=B4n = tr=E1=BB=8Dng v=C3=A0 nh=C3=ACn nh=E1=BA=ADn c=C3=B4ng lao =E1=BA=A5y. = B=E1=BA=B1ng ch=E1=BB=A9ng l=C3=A0 =C4=90=E1=BA=A3ng=20 =C4=91=C3=A3 =C3=A2m th=E1=BA=A7m cho th=C3=A0nh l=E1=BA=ADp = H=E1=BB=99i Truy=E1=BB=81n = B=C3=A1=20 Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c Ng=E1=BB=AF[42] =C4=91=E1=BB=83 = t=E1=BA=A1o =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u ki=E1=BB=87n thu=E1=BA=ADn l=E1=BB=A3i cho = k=E1=BA=BF=20 ho=E1=BA=A1ch tuy=C3=AAn truy=E1=BB=81n ch=E1=BB=A7 ngh=C4=A9a = C=E1=BB=99ng S=E1=BA=A3n, nn=C3=BAp d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi chi=C3=AAu = b=C3=A0i d=E1=BA=A1y ch=E1=BB=AF =C4=91=E1=BB=83 m=E1=BB=9F mang=20 d=C3=A2n tr=C3=AD.

 Nh=C6=B0ng m=E1=BA=B7t=20 kh=C3=A1c ch=E1=BB=A7 ngh=C4=A9a C=E1=BB=99ng s=E1=BA=A3n Vi=E1=BB=87t = Nam kh=C3=B4ng mu=E1=BB=91n c=C3=B4ng nh=E1=BA=ADn vi=E1=BB=87c = truy=E1=BB=81n b=C3=A1 C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o =E1=BB=9F=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, v=C3=AC kh=C3=B4ng ch=E1=BA=A5p nh=E1=BA=ADn t=C3=B4n = gi=C3=A1o. Nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 =C4=91=E1=BA=A3ng c=C3=B3 th=C3=A0nh = ki=E1=BA=BFn trong vi=E1=BB=87c =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc=20 L=E1=BB=99 c=C3=B3 s=C3=A1ng ki=E1=BA=BFn truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o, khi = =C4=91=E1=BB=81 ngh=E1=BB=8B T=C3=B2a Th=C3=A1nh Vatican l=E1=BA=ADp = m=E1=BB=99t H=E1=BB=99i Truy=E1=BB=81n=20 Gi=C3=A1o cho Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam v=C3=A0 =C4=90=C3=B4ng =C3=81. V=E1=BB=81 = sau trong th=E1=BB=B1c t =E1=BA=BF, H=E1=BB=99i n=C3=A0y l=C3=A0 = ch=C3=ADnh H=E1=BB=99i Th=E1=BB=ABa=20 Sai Ba L=C3=AA. Trong con m=E1=BA=AFt c=E1=BB=A7a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = C=E1=BB=99ng s=E1=BA=A3n v=C3=A0 nhi=E1=BB=81u th=C3=A0nh ph=E1=BA=A7n = nho s=C4=A9, quan l=E1=BA=A1i=20 b=E1=BA=A3o th=E1=BB=A7, th=C3=AC trong l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, H=E1=BB=99i Th=E1=BB=ABa Sai Bal=C3=AA l=C3=A0 = m=E1=BB=99t c=C3=B4ng c=E1=BB=A5. N=E1=BA=BFu H=E1=BB=99i=20 =E1=BA=A5y v=C3=A0 h=C3=A0ng gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9 b=E1=BA=A3n x=E1=BB=A9 = c=C3=B3 li=C3=AAn quan kh=C3=B4ng tr=E1=BB=B1c ti=E1=BA=BFp ph=E1=BB=A5c = v=E1=BB=A5 cho ch=E1=BB=A7 ngh=C4=A9a=20 th=E1=BB=B1c d=C3=A2n Ph=C3=A1p, th=C3=AC c=C5=A9ng c=C3=B3 = nhi=E1=BB=81u ho=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BB=99ng t=E1=BA=A1o = =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u ki=E1=BB=87n thu=E1=BA=ADn l=E1=BB=A3i cho s=E1=BB=B1 = b=E1=BA=A3nh=20 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng ch=E1=BB=A7 ngh=C4=A9a =E1=BA=A5y =E1=BB=9F = Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam

Nh=C6=B0ng, d=C3=B9 trong=20 l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD do c=C3=B3 tranh ch=E1=BA=A5p quy=E1=BB=81n = l=E1=BB=A3i v=C3=A0 uy t=C3=ADn v=E1=BB=9Bi B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o = Nh=C3=A0 v=C3=A0 T=C3=A2y Ban Nha,=20 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Ph=C3=A1p, c=C3=A1 nh=C3=A2n hay t=E1=BA=ADp = th=E1=BB=83, c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 c=C3=B3 ph=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91=E1=BB=81 = cao c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 qu=C3=A1 m=E1=BB=A9c vai tr=C3=B2=20 c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99. D=C3=B9 v=E1=BA=ADy, = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u ph=E1=BA=A3i c=C3=B4ng = nh=E1=BA=ADn c=C3=A1c th=C3=A0nh t=C3=ADch c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc = L=E1=BB=99=20 trong qu=C3=A1 tr=C3=ACnh h=C3=ACnh th=C3=A0nh n=E1=BB=81n v=C4=83n = h=C3=B3a qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF ng=C3=A0y nay. N=E1=BB=81n v=C4=83n = h=C3=B3a =E1=BA=A5y k=E1=BA=BF th=E1=BB=ABa=20 v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a truy=E1=BB=81n th=E1=BB=91ng =E1=BB=9F m=E1=BB=99t = giai =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1n l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, = x=C3=A2y d=E1=BB=B1ng tr=C3=AAn n=E1=BB=81n t=E1=BA=A3ng v=C3=A0=20 tinh th=E1=BA=A7n c=E1=BB=A7a ch=E1=BB=AF H=C3=A1n v=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=AF = N=C3=B4m

 

3. = =C4=90=E1=BB=91i v=E1=BB=9Bi Gi=C3=A1o H=E1=BB=99i=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 l=C3=A0 v=E1=BB=8B = t=C3=B4ng =C4=91=E1=BB=93 =C4=91=C3=A1ng ch=C3=BA =C3=BD nh=E1=BA=A5t = trong vi=E1=BB=87c h=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng h=C3=B3a nh=E1=BB=AFng=20 c=C3=B4ng lao c=E1=BB=A7a c=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=ABa sai ti=C3=AAn phong = thu=E1=BB=99c nhi=E1=BB=81u qu=E1=BB=91c t=E1=BB=8Bch kh=C3=A1c nhau. = Nh=E1=BB=9D =C4=91=C3=B3 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc=20 L=E1=BB=99 =C4=91=C3=A1ng ghi t=C3=AAn tu=E1=BB=95i h=C6=A1n c=E1=BA=A3 = trong s=E1=BB=91 nh=E1=BB=AFng th=E1=BB=ABa sai =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u = ti=C3=AAn =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=B7t n=E1=BB=81n m=C3=B3ng=20 cho Gi=C3=A1o H=E1=BB=99i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam v=C3=A0 l=C3=A0 = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=B3 nhi=E1=BB=81u c=C3=B4ng lao v=C3=A0 s=C3=A1ng = ki=E1=BA=BFn trong vi=E1=BB=87c=20 th=C3=A0nh l=E1=BA=ADp H=E1=BB=99i Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o = H=E1=BA=A3i Ngo=E1=BA=A1i Ba L=C3=AA (quen g=E1=BB=8Di l=C3=A0 = H=E1=BB=99i Th=E1=BB=ABa Sai=20 Bal=C3=AA) d=E1=BA=ABn =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn vi=E1=BB=87c th=C3=A0nh = h=C3=ACnh h=C3=A0ng Gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9 b=E1=BA=A3n qu=E1=BB=91c d=C3=B9 = c=C3=B3 nh=E1=BB=AFng tr=E1=BB=9F ng=E1=BA=A1i,=20 tranh ch=E1=BA=A5p kh=C3=B3 nh=E1=BB=8Dc trong c=C3=B4ng vi=E1=BB=87c = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o tr=C3=AAn =C4=91=C3=A2y.

=C4=90=E1=BB=91i v=E1=BB=9Bi d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c, x=C3=A3=20 h=E1=BB=99i v=C3=A0 qu=E1=BB=91c gia Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta c=C5=A9ng kh=C3=B4ng qu=C3=AAn =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc = L=E1=BB=99 c=C3=B3 nhi=E1=BB=81u c=E1=BB=91 g=E1=BA=AFng c=E1=BB=A5=20 th=E1=BB=83 h=E1=BB=AFu h=C3=ACnh l=E1=BB=9Bn trong vi=E1=BB=87c = l=E1=BA=ADp ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF v=C3=A0 l=C3=A0 = t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 nhi=E1=BB=81u cu=E1=BB=91n s=C3=A1ch c=C3=B3=20 gi=C3=A1 tr=E1=BB=8B v=E1=BB=81 v=C4=83n ho=C3=A1 v=E1=BB=9Bi = nh=E1=BB=AFng t=C3=A0i li=E1=BB=87u qu=C3=AD gi=C3=A1 v=E1=BB=81 = l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD qu=E1=BB=91c gia, v=E1=BB=81 ng=C3=B4n = ng=E1=BB=AF=20 c=C5=A9ng nh=C6=B0 v=E1=BB=81 t=E1=BA=ADp t=E1=BB=A5c x=C3=A3 = h=E1=BB=99i, =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng th=E1=BB=9Di l=C3=A0m s=C3=A1ng = t=E1=BB=8F x=C3=A3 h=E1=BB=99i v=C3=A0 v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a Vi=E1=BB=87t = Nam=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t b=C3=AAn tr=E1=BB=9Di =C3=82u n=C3=B3i ri=C3=AAng v=C3=A0 = tr=C3=AAn to=C3=A0n th=E1=BA=BF gi=E1=BB=9Bi. Ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta = kh=C3=B4ng qu=C3=A1 l=E1=BB=9Di khi t=C3=A1n=20 d=C6=B0=C6=A1ng =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 l=C3=A0 nh=C3=A0 = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o, =C4=91=E1=BB=93ng th=E1=BB=9Di nh=C3=A0 = ng=E1=BB=AF h=E1=BB=8Dc, s=E1=BB=AD h=E1=BB=8Dc, d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c = h=E1=BB=8Dc, v=C4=83n=20 h=C3=B3a h=E1=BB=8Dc, =E2=80=A6 N=C3=B3i t=C3=B3m l=E1=BA=A1i = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99 l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t kho t=C3=A0ng v=C3=A0 = b=E1=BB=99 =C3=B3c b=C3=A1ch khoa v=E1=BB=81 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam v=C3=A0o=20 th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XVII

 

M=E1=BB=99t S=E1=BB=91 Ngu=E1=BB=93n Tin=20 Tham Kh=E1=BA=A3o

 

 

Anh=20 Tran, SJ, anh tran=20 (Georgetown Jesuit Community. Box 571200 Washington, = DC=20 20057-1200): Emails  Sun, Feb 8, 2009 at 12:59 PM; Sun, Feb 8, 2009 = at 2:34=20 PM Re: Loi The Dong Ten (1, 2) =E2=80=93 Email ng=C3=A0y 2009/2/26 = v=C3=A0 nhi=E1=BB=81u email ti=E1=BA=BFp=20 theo

Alexandre=20 de Rhodes, Divers voyages = et=20 missions, b=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch c=E1=BB=A7a H=E1=BB=93ng = Nhu=E1=BB=87: H=C3=A0nh Tr=C3=ACnh v=C3=A0 Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o, = t=E1=BB=A7 s=C3=A1ch =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i=20 k=E1=BA=BFt, TP. H=E1=BB=93 Ch=C3=AD Minh 1994

Alexandre=20 de Rhodes, Histoire du = Royaume de=20 Tunquin, b=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch c=E1=BB=A7a H=E1=BB=93ng = Nhu=E1=BB=87: L=E1=BB=8Bch S=E1=BB=AD V=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Qu=E1=BB=91c = =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i, t=E1=BB=A7 s=C3=A1ch =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i=20 k=E1=BA=BFt, TP. H=E1=BB=93 Ch=C3=AD Minh 1994

Kim =C3=82n: = =C4=90=C3=94I =C4=90I=E1=BB=80U SUY NGH=C4=A8=20 V=E1=BB=80 VI=E1=BB=86C TRUY=E1=BB=80N GI=C3=81O C=E1=BB=A6A CHA = ALEXANDRE DE RHODES T=E1=BA=A0I =C4=90=C3=80NG NGO=C3=80I T=E1=BB=AA = N=C4=82M=20 1627-1630 

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Ddetailarticle&= amp;id=3D70&ia=3D1106

http://xuanbichvietnam.wordpress.com/2009/02/09/doi-dieu-suy-nghi-<= /SPAN> 

ve-viec-truyen-giao/

=C4=90=E1=BB=97=20 Quang Ch=C3=ADnh L=E1=BB=8Bch S=E1=BB=AD Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c = Ng=E1=BB=AF 1620-1659, Ra Kh=C6=A1i, S=C3=A0ig=C3=B2n=20 1972

=C4=90=E1=BB=97 Quang=20 Ch=C3=ADnh: TR=C3=8CNH =C4=90=E1=BB=98 CH=E1=BB=AE QU=E1=BB=90C = NG=E1=BB=AE C=E1=BB=A6A LM. =C4=90=E1=BA=AEC L=E1=BB=98 T=E1=BB=AA = N=C4=82M 1625 =C4=90=E1=BA=BEN 1644=20 http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Ddetailarticle&= amp;id=3D64&ia=3D576 

Chu = Vuong auguschu@yahoo.com = (S=C3=A0ig=C3=B2n Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 Nam): email Sun, Feb 8, 2009 at 1:53 AM. Re: Alexandre de Rhodes=20 (1591-1660)

Nguy=E1=BB=85n Ch=C3=AD=20 C=C3=B4ng, Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF, =C4=90=C3=B4ng = Kinh ngh=C4=A9a th=E1=BB=A5c v=C3=A0 v=E1=BA=A5n =C4=91=E1=BB=81 = c=E1=BA=A3i c=C3=A1ch ch=E1=BB=AF Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 trong th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XX

http://news.vnu.edu.vn/ttsk/Vietnamese/C1737/C1757/C2030/2007/05/N1= 7555/?35

Nguy=E1=BB=85n =C4=90=C3=ACnh=20 =C4=90=E1=BA=A7u: =E2=80=9CV=E1=BB=81 B=C3=A0i B=C3=A1o Vu = Kh=E1=BB=91ng V=C3=A0 Ph=E1=BB=89 B=C3=A1ng Cha =C3=90=E1=BA=AFc = L=E1=BB=99=E2=80=9D. Nguy=E1=BB=87t san C=C3=B4ng Gi=C3=A1o=20 v=C3=A0 D=C3=A2n T=E1=BB=99c, s=E1=BB=91 145 (Th=C3=A1ng = 1/2007)

1) Rhodes = c=C3=B3 =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o v=C4=83n=20 hay kh=C3=B4ng?

2) = =C3=90=C3=A3 =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o v=C4=83n l=E1=BA=A1i "t=E1=BB=B1=20 =C3=BD gh=C3=A9p t=C3=AAn m=C3=ACnh th=C3=AAm ch=E1=BB=AF "de" = k=E1=BB=87ch c=E1=BB=A1m" khi Rhodes tr=E1=BB=9F v=E1=BB=81 =C3=82u = ch=C3=A2u cho ra t=E1=BB=AB =C4=91i=E1=BB=83n=20 =E1=BA=A5y?

3) = "Kh=C3=B4ng bi=E1=BA=BFt l=E1=BB=85 ch=E1=BB=A7=20 nh=E1=BA=ADt n=E1=BA=B1m =E1=BB=9F =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u tu=E1=BA=A7n hay = cu=E1=BB=91i tu=E1=BA=A7n n=C3=AAn Rhodes sinh =C3=BD Ph=C3=A9p = gi=E1=BA=A3ng t=C3=A1m=20 ng=C3=A0y"!

4) = "Alexandre tr=C3=B4i=20 d=E1=BA=A1t v=C3=A0o Iran cho =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn m=E1=BB=99t ng=C3=A0y... = ch=E1=BA=BFt =E1=BB=9F Ispahan (in nh=E1=BA=A7m l=C3=A0 Isfahan = c=C5=A9ng nh=C6=B0 b=C3=ACa=20 s=C3=A1ch T=E1=BB=AB =C4=91i=E1=BB=83n Vi=E1=BB=87t B=E1=BB=93 La, in = sai t=C3=AAn Annam th=C3=A0nh Annnam)... k=E1=BA=BFt th=C3=BAc = m=E1=BB=99t =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di tu=20 h=C3=A0nh gian tr=C3=A1".

http://sinhvienconggiao.net/20/2593/VeBaiBaoVuKhongVaPhiBangCha%C3%= 90acLo.aspx

=C3=82u V=C4=A9nh=20 Hi=E1=BB=81n,  NGU=E1=BB=92N G=E1=BB=90C CH=E1=BB=AE = QU=E1=BB=90C NG=E1=BB=AE V=E1=BB=9AI =C4=90=E1=BA=AEC L=E1=BB=98- = ALEXANDRE DE RHODES (tr=C3=ADch=20 H=E1=BB=93n Qu=C3=AA)

http://mail.google.com/mail/#inbox/11fb893b602d659b

Nguy=E1=BB=85n H=C3=B2a,=20 =E2=80=9CNh=E1=BB=AFng b=C4=83n = kho=C4=83n t=E1=BB=AB l=C3=A1 th=C6=B0 tr=E1=BA=A3 l=E1=BB=9Di=20 c=E1=BB=A7a =C3=B4ng Nguy=E1=BB=85n = Ho=C3=A0=E2=80=9D talawas ng=C3=A0y=20 1.4.2006

http://www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=3D6826&rb=3D07

L.m. = Nguy=E1=BB=85n=20 H=E1=BB=93ng, L=E1=BB=8Bch S=E1=BB=AD Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o = =E1=BB=9F Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, NXB Hi=E1=BB=87n t=E1=BA=A1i = 1959

T=E1=BA=ADp I=20 [http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule3&v=3Ddetail&ib=3D110= ]

T=E1=BA=ADp II=20 {http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule3&v=3Ddetail&ib=3D109= ]

Ph=E1=BA=A1m V=C4=83n=20 H=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng:=E2=80=9D=C4=90i t=C3=ACm ngu=E1=BB=93n = g=E1=BB=91c ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF=E2=80=9D. Lao = =C4=90=E1=BB=99ng Ch=E1=BB=A7 Nh=E1=BA=ADt=20 (7/1/2007)

B=C3=B9i Kha,=20 Alexandre de Rhodes ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF v=C3=A0 quan = =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m ch=C3=ADnh tr=E1=BB=8B

http://mail.google.com/mail/#inbox/11f549887dcbf020

http://uk.blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-pAUoc7MjdKiGldMK2dt8RmklqkpJ?p=3D= 194

B=C3=B9i=20 Kha, LINH M=E1=BB=A4C =C4=90=E1=BA=AEC L=E1=BB=98 BI=E1=BB=86N = CH=C3=8DNH V=E1=BB=9AI =C3=94NG NGUY=E1=BB=84N =C4=90=C3=8CNH = =C4=90=E1=BA=A6U

http://giaodiemonline.com/2009/02/bienchinh.htm

B=C3=B9i=20 Kha, Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF = c=E1=BB=A7a ch=C3=BAng ta ng=C3=A0y nay c=C3=B3 t=E1=BB=AB bao=20 gi=E1=BB=9D

http://www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=3D6987&rb=3D0302=

B=C3=B9i Kha,=20 A. de Rhodes, tr=E1=BA=A3 = l=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=A1c =C3=B4ng Ph=E1=BA=A1m Quang=20 Tu=E1=BA=A5n v=C3=A0 Phong Uy=C3=AAn

http://www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=3D7212&rb=3D0302=

B=C3=B9i Kha, Gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9 d=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn = Alexandre de Rhodes=20 (1591-1660)

http://giaodiemonline.com/2008/07/dihai.htm

B=C3=B9i Kha,=20 =E2=80=9CAlexandre de Rhodes - =C4=90=E1=BB=91i lu=E1=BA=ADn v=E1=BB=9Bi = t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 Ho=C3=A0ng H=C6=B0ng=E2=80=9D

http://www.chuyenluan.net/2006/200605/0606_17.htm

=

B=C3=B9i=20 Kha,  Alexandre de Rhodes v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng = nh=E1=BA=A7m l=E1=BA=ABn =C4=91=C3=A1ng ti=E1=BA=BFc, T=E1=BA=A1p=20 ch=C3=AD Hu=E1=BA=BF x=C6=B0a ...

Tr=E1=BA=A7n = Duy Nhi=C3=AAn v=C3=A0 Roland=20 Jacques, PH=E1=BA=A2N H=E1=BB=92I B=C3=80I VI=E1=BA=BET = C=E1=BB=A6A GS.TS. PH=E1=BA=A0M V=C4=82N H=C6=AF=E1=BB=9CNG: =C4=90I = T=C3=8CM NGU=E1=BB=92N G=E1=BB=90C=20 CH=E1=BB=AE QU=E1=BB=90C NG=E1=BB=AE 

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dhome&v=3Ddetail&ia=3D1= 605

http://www.catholic.org.tw/vntaiwan/07news/7news130.htm

[GS=20 TS PH=E1=BA=A0M V=C4=82N H=C6=AF=E1=BB=9CNG: =C4=90I T=C3=8CM = NGU=E1=BB=92N G=E1=BB=90C CH=E1=BB=AE QU=E1=BB=90C = NG=E1=BB=AE

<= SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; TEXT-DECORATION: = none">http://www.nld.com.vn/tintuc/the-gioi/ho-so-tu-lieu/176647.asp

B=E1=BA=A3n=20 th=C3=A2n t=C3=B4i c=E1=BB=91 =C4=91i t=C3=ACm l=E1=BA=A1i nguy=C3=AAn = b=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=C3=A3 post l=C3=AAn m=E1=BA=A1ng c=C3=A1c b=C3=A0i = ng=C3=A0y 27/1/2007 t=E1=BB=AB=20 trang 30-33v=C3=A0 trong su=E1=BB=91t c=E1=BA=A3 n=C4=83m 2007 = t=E1=BB=AB trang 1-18 trong h=E1=BB=93 s=C6=A1 t=C6=B0 li=E1=BB=87u = b=C3=A1o Lao=20 =C4=90=E1=BB=99ng, nh=C6=B0ng kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BA=A5y Ban Bi=C3=AAn = T=E1=BA=ADp c=C3=B2n l=C6=B0u tr=E1=BB=AF tr=C3=AAn = m=E1=BA=A1ng.

=C4=90i=E1=BB=81u=20 n=C3=A0y cho th=E1=BA=A5y c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 m=E1=BB=99t ai = =C4=91=C3=B3 m=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3n danh TSGS Ph=E1=BA=A1m V=C4=83n = H=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ch=E1=BB=91ng C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o=20 b=E1=BA=B1ng c=C3=A1ch xuy=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=A1c b=C3=B4i b=C3=A1c = s=E1=BB=B1 nghi=E1=BB=87p v=C3=A0 uy t=C3=ADn c=E1=BB=A7a = =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc L=E1=BB=99.]

Ch=C3=A2n Lu=E1=BA=ADn, Alexandre de=20 Rhodes c=C3=B3 =E2=80=9C=C4=91=E1=BA=A1o=E2=80=9D c=C3=B4ng = tr=C3=ACnh?

http://vslchannel.blogspot.com/2007/03/alexandre-de-rhodes-c-o-cng-= trnh.html

Minh=20 Nguy=E1=BB=87t Soeur Jean Berchmans, Linh M=E1=BB=A5c Alexandre De = Rhodes, =E2=80=9CGi=C3=A1o S=C4=A9=20 =C4=90=E1=BA=AFc-L=E1=BB=99=E2=80=9D, I.  TH=E1=BB=AAA SAI = D=C3=92NG T=C3=8AN NG=C6=AF=E1=BB=9CI PH=C3=81P, V=E1=BB=8A KHAI SINH = CH=E1=BB=AE QU=E1=BB=90C-NG=E1=BB=AE II.=20 LINH M=E1=BB=A4C ALEXANDRE DE RHODES, =E2=80=9CGI=C3=81O S=C4=A8 = =C4=90=E1=BA=AEC-L=E1=BB=98=E2=80=9D, TH=E1=BB=AAA SAI T=E1=BA=A0I=20 VI=E1=BB=86T-NAM.

Peter C. Phan MISSION = AND=20 CATECHESIS: ALEXANDRE DE RHODES AND INCULTURATION IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY = VIETNAM. Faith and Culture. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1998. Pp. xxiii + = 324.=20 $50. 

Tr=E1=BA=A7n=20 Gia Ph=E1=BB=A5ng, L=E1=BB=8Bch S=E1=BB=AD Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=C3=B4c = Ng=E1=BB=AF. Li=C3=AAn L=E1=BA=A1c Nh=C3=A2n V=C4=83n Th=C3=A1ng 11/2008 = website=20 ttntt.free.fr/

Roland Jacques=20 (D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng H=E1=BB=AFu Nh=C3=A2n), Portuguese Pioneers=20 of Vietnamese linguistics Li=C3=AAn L=E1=BA=A1c Nh=C3=A2n = V=C4=83n  Website http://ttntt.free.fr/

Roland=20 Jacques: C=C3=B4ng = cu=E1=BB=99c truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o t=E1=BA=A1i=20 Qu=E1=BA=A3ng Nam n=C4=83m 1623 v=C3=A0 v=E1=BA=A5n =C4=91=E1=BB=81 = ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF. B=E1=BB=A9c Th=C6=B0 c=E1=BB=A7a Francisco = de Pina=20 http://ttntt.free.fr/

Roland Jacques=20 Huynh Rafael  da Madre da Deus (1571-1606), nh=C3=A0 = truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o D=C3=B2ng=20 Augustin=C3=B4 =E1=BB=9F Qu=E1=BA=A3ng Nam v=C3=A0o kho=E1=BA=A3ng = n=C4=83m 1595-1605. LLNV Th.3/2006 wesite http://ttntt.free.fr/

Roland=20 Jacques=20 T=C6=B0=C6=A1ng lai gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam = t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=85n =C4=90=C3=B4ng v=C3=A0 nh=E1=BB=AFng = =C4=91=E1=BB=91i tho=E1=BA=A1i li=C3=AAn v=C4=83n=20 h=C3=B3a h=C3=B4m nay Th=C3=A1ng 2/2008 Website Li=C3=AAn = L=E1=BA=A1c Nh=C3=A2n V=C4=83n http://ttntt.free.fr/

Roland Jacques=20 (=C4=90=E1=BA=A1i H=E1=BB=8Dc St Paul Canada): C=C3=A1c bi=C3=AAn = kh=E1=BA=A3o v=E1=BB=81 ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF v=C3=A0 = th=E1=BB=9Di k=E1=BB=B3 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u c=E1=BB=A7a=20 gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam. Li=C3=AAn L=E1=BA=A1c = Nh=C3=A2n V=C4=83n s=E1=BB=91 =C4=91=E1=BA=B7c bi=E1=BB=87t 1. http://ttntt.free.fr/

Roland Jacques=20 C=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o = Nha v=C3=A0 th=E1=BB=9Di k=E1=BB=B3 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u c=E1=BB=A7a = Gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i C=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 Nam=E2=80=9D - Les missionnaires portugais et les d=C3=A9buts de = l=E2=80=99=C3=A9glise catholique au=20 Vi=C3=AAt-nam=E2=80=9D. 2004, NXB =C4=90=E1=BB=8Bnh = H=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bng T=C3=B9ng Th=C6=B0, TTNTT, http://ttntt.free.fr/ =

[Cu=E1=BB=91n m=E1=BB=99t 424=20 trang, =C4=91=E1=BA=B7c bi=E1=BB=87t n=C3=B3i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = th=E1=BB=9Di k=E1=BB=B3 s=C6=A1 khai c=E1=BB=A7a Gi=C3=A1o H=E1=BB=99i = C=C3=B4ng Gi=C3=A1o Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam v=E1=BB=9Bi s=E1=BB=B1=20 hi=E1=BB=87n di=E1=BB=87n c=E1=BB=A7a c=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n = gi=C3=A1o ti=C3=AAn kh=E1=BB=9Fi thu=E1=BB=99c Qui Ch=E1=BA=BF = B=E1=BA=A3o Tr=E1=BB=A3 (Padroado) B=E1=BB=93=20 =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha, v=C3=A0 c=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh c=E1=BB=A7a c=C3=A1c = v=E1=BB=8B truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o n=E1=BA=A7y trong s=C3=A1ng = ki=E1=BA=BFn v=C3=A0 x=C3=A2y d=E1=BB=B1ng=20 c=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF (v=E1=BA=A7n = latinh). Ngo=C3=A0i ra t=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3 c=C3=B2n =C4=91=C6=B0a ra = nh=E1=BB=AFng ch=E1=BB=A9ng=20 li=E1=BB=87u v=E1=BB=81 s=C3=A1ng ki=E1=BA=BFn d=C3=B9ng v=E1=BA=A7n = latinh trong th=E1=BB=9Di k=E1=BB=B3 n=E1=BA=A7y cho Nh=E1=BA=ADt = ng=E1=BB=AF v=C3=A0 Hoa ng=E1=BB=AF.=20

Cu=E1=BB=91n hai 224 trang,=20 d=C3=A0nh m=E1=BB=99t ph=E1=BA=A7n l=E1=BB=9Bn n=C3=B3i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn = ch=C3=A2n ph=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc Anr=C3=AA Ph=C3=BA Y=C3=AAn, v=E1=BB=8B = th=E1=BA=BF v=C3=A0 vai tr=C3=B2 c=E1=BB=A7a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di=20 anh h=C3=B9ng gi=C3=A1o d=C3=A2n, th=E1=BA=A7y gi=E1=BA=A3ng 19 = tu=E1=BB=95i, v=E1=BB=8B t=E1=BB=AD =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u = ti=C3=AAn trong th=E1=BB=9Di k=E1=BB=B3 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u c=E1=BB=A7a=20 Gi=C3=A1o h=E1=BB=99i c=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o Vi=E1=BB=87t nam.] =

V=C3=B5=20 Long T=C3=AA, L=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD V=C4=83n h=E1=BB=8Dc = c=C3=B4ng gi=C3=A1o Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, T=C6=B0 Duy, S=C3=A0ig=C3=B2n=20 1965

Ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Th=C3=A2u:=20 T=E1=BB=AB m=E1=BB=99t c=C3=A2u ch=E1=BB=AF c=E1=BB=A7a Alexandre de = Rhodes =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn c=C3=A1c d=E1=BA=ABn d=E1=BB=A5ng kh=C3=A1c nhau = 2.6.2006

Ph=E1=BA=A1m Huy=20 Th=C3=B4ng, NH=E1=BB=AENG =C4=90=C3=93NG G=C3=93P C=E1=BB=A6A = =C4=90=E1=BA=A0O C=C3=94NG GI=C3=81O V=E1=BB=9AI V=C4=82N HO=C3=81 = VI=E1=BB=86T=20

www.conggiaovietnam.net/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Ddetailarticle= &id=3D56&ia=3D5156

Cao = Huy=20 Thu=E1=BA=A7n, Gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9 th=E1=BB=ABa sai v=C3=A0 = ch=C3=ADnh s=C3=A1ch thu=E1=BB=99c =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba c=E1=BB=A7a = Ph=C3=A1p t=E1=BA=A1i Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam,=20 1857-1914 v=C3=A0 trong =C4=91=C3=B3 kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 c=C3=A2u = vi=E1=BA=BFt c=E1=BB=A7a A. de Rhodes. NXB T=C3=B4n Gi=C3=A1o=20 2002

Cao Huy=20 Thu=E1=BA=A7n. K=C3=ADnh g=E1=BB=9Fi Ban Bi=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=ADp = talawas. 3.6. www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=3D7319&rb=3D12=20

=C4=90=C3=B4ng = T=E1=BB=89nh, L=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c s=E1=BB=AD ch=E1=BB=AF=20 Qu=E1=BB=91c Ng=E1=BB=AF

http://uk.blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-pAUoc7MjdKiGldMK2dt8RmklqkpJ?p=3D= 202

=C4=90=C3=B4ng = T=E1=BB=89nh, L=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c s=E1=BB=AD = Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c Ng=E1=BB=AF (Ashort history of=20 Vietnamese writing system)

http://dongtac.net/spip.php?article34

Tr=E1=BA=A7n=20 V=C4=83n To=C3=A0n, Ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF v=C3=A0 = ch=E1=BB=AF n=C3=B4m - T=E1=BB=B1 v=E1=BB=8B Taberd v=C3=A0 di = s=E1=BA=A3n v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 Nam (b=C3=A0i 1)

http://www.vietcatholic.net/News/Clients/ReadArticle.aspx?ID=3D2969= 7

Hu=E1=BB=B3nh =C3=81i=20 T=C3=B4ng: Ngu=E1=BB=93n G=E1=BB=91c Ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c = Ng=E1=BB=AF

http://vietsciences.free.fr/vietnam/tiengviet/nguongocchuquocngu1.h= tm

Hu=E1=BB=B3nh=20 =C3=81nh (=C3=81i?) T=C3=B4ng, Ch=E1=BB=AF = Qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF c=E1=BB=A7a ch=C3=BAng ta ng=C3=A0y=20 nay c=C3=B3 t=E1=BB=AB bao gi=E1=BB=9D

http://svnhanvan.org/forum/index.php?PHPSESSID=3Da5a6a9cd8be5504582= 635fd1799c7146&topic=3D95.msg673#msg673

UCAN,=20 VIETNAM  CATHOLICISM ENRICHED VIETNAMESE = CULTURE

http://www.ucanews.com/2001/02/16/catholicism-enriched-vietnamese-c= ulture/

Nguy=E1=BB=85n=20 Kh=E1=BA=AFc Xuy=C3=AAn (d =E1=BB=8Bch): NG=E1=BB=AE PH=C3=81P=20 TI=E1=BA=BENG VI=E1=BB=86T C=E1=BB=A6A =C4=90=E1=BA=AEC L=E1=BB=98 = 1651

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Ddetailbook&= ;id=3D85&ib=3D179

Catholicisme: Le=20 serment secret des J=C3=A9suites.

http://www.voxdei.org/afficher_info.php?id=3D14257.104

Compagnie de = J=C3=A9sus - = Wikip=C3=A9dia

fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_j=C3=A9suite - 90k - Cached - Similar pages = -

<= SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Internet Archive: Details: Histoire de la Compagnie de = J=C3=A9sus en=20 ...

Histoire de la Compagnie de=20 J=C3=A9sus en France : des = origines =C3=A0 la=20 suppression (1528-1762) (1922). Author: Fouqueray, Henri, 1860-1927 = www.archive.org/details/histoiredelacampagnie03fouquoft=20 - 14k - Cached - Similar=20 pages

Ch=E1=BB=AF=20 qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF trong chuy=C3=AAn = m =E1=BB=A5c =E1=BB=9F Website = dunglac.org=20

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dhome&v=3Dsubject&is=3D= 21

www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P3-44504369.html=20

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_de_Rhodes<= /P>

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&id=3D64

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/ref=3Dntt_athr= _dp_sr_1?%5Fencoding=3DUTF8&search-type=3Dss&index=3Dbooks&fi= eld-author=3DPeter%20C.%20Phan

http://www.manresa-sj.org/stamps/1_Rhodes.htm

http://www.binhcang.com/giaosidaclo.html

http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-54989043.html

rarfaxp.riken.go.jp/~dang/rhodes_motive.html

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigneau_de_Behaine

New World Order (conspiracy = theory) 

http://www.catholic.com/library/sr_chick_tracts_p4.asp 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Rivera

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Rivera#cite_note-CORNERSTONE-0= #cite_note-CORNERSTONE-0 

http://web.archive.org/web/20051202084221/http:/www.cornerstonemag.= com/pages/show_page.asp?228

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83n_Vi%E1%BB%= 87t-B%E1%BB%93-La  

http://www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=3D7314&rb=3D0302=

 

Oakland, CA=20 7/2/2009.7

 

 

 

Ph=E1=BA=A7n Ch=C3=BA=20 Gi=E1=BA=A3i


 =20

[1]  sinh = t=E1=BA=A1i Avignon,=20 18/3, 1593; ch=E1=BA=BFt t=E1=BA=A1i Ispahan, Ba T=C6=B0 5/11, = 1660

[2] t=E1=BB=AB n=C4=83m 1960,=20 Torralba ch=E1=BB=A9ng minh n=C4=83m sinh 1591 c=E1=BB=A7a A.De.Rhodes = l=C3=A0 sai. Xin xem =C4=90=E1=BB=97 Quang Ch=C3=ADnh=20 SJ: NH=C3=80 TH=E1=BB=AAA = SAI ALEXANDRE DE=20 RHODES T=E1=BB=AA TR=E1=BA=A6N:=20 http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Ddetailarticle&id= =3D64&ia=3D1604

[3] G=E1=BB=91c = g=C3=A1c Do Th=C3=A1i hay Ph=C3=A1p,=20 T=C3=A2y Ban Nha? Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc =C4=91=C3=A2y, ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = ta cho r=E1=BA=B1ng Rhodes thu=E1=BB=99c d=C3=B2ng d=C3=B5i Do = Th=C3=A1i, t=E1=BB=AB l=C3=A2u=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=B3 m=E1=BA=B7t t=E1=BA=A1i T=C3=A2y Ban Nha, = x=E1=BB=A9 Aragon, mi=E1=BB=81n Calatayud. B=E1=BB=91n n=C4=83m = g=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91=C3=A2y, m=E1=BB=99t linh=20 m=E1=BB=A5c Xu=C3=A2n B=C3=ADch ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Ph=C3=A1p, Michel = Barnouin (t=C3=AAn Vi=E1=BB=87t l=C3=A0 S=C6=A1n) c=C3=B4ng b=E1=BB=91 = m=E1=BB=99t t=C3=A0i li=E1=BB=87u=20 v=E1=BB=81 d=C3=B2ng h=E1=BB=8D Alexandre de Rhodes, nh=E1=BA=ADn = =C4=91=E1=BB=8Bnh r=E1=BA=B1ng, kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 d=E1=BA=A5u = ch=E1=BB=89 Rhodes thu=E1=BB=99c=20 d=C3=B2ng d=C3=B5i Do Th=C3=A1i nh=C6=B0 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta = t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng (de Rhodes ne laisse percevoir aucun=20 v=C3=A9ritable indice de judait=C3=A9)(1). H=C3=A3y c=E1=BB=A9 = t=E1=BA=A1m nh=E1=BA=ADn cho Rhodes c=C3=B3 ngu=E1=BB=93n g=E1=BB=91c Do = Th=C3=A1i, v=C3=AC v=E1=BA=ADy C=E1=BB=A5 T=E1=BB=95 c=E1=BB=A7a = =C3=B4ng =E1=BB=9F T=C3=A2y Ban Nha b=E1=BB=8B tr=E1=BB=A5c xu=E1=BA=A5t = c=C3=B9ng v=E1=BB=9Bi 300.000 ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Do=20 Th=C3=A1i trong =C4=91=E1=BB=A3t 31-3-1492 v=C3=AC ch=C3=ADnh = quy=E1=BB=81n n=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc n=C3=A0y k=E1=BB=B3 th=E1=BB=8B = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Do Th=C3=A1i (2). B=E1=BB=8F=20 Calatayud =C4=91i =C4=91=C3=A2u? C=E1=BB=A5 t=E1=BB=95 c=E1=BB=A7a = Alexandre, Jean Chimenes de Rhodes (ghi trong b=E1=BA=A3n di=20 ch=C3=BAc n=C4=83m 1497 b=E1=BA=B1ng t=C3=AAn n=C3=A0y), t=E1=BB=A9c = Jean de Rhodes, ph=E1=BA=A3i kh=C4=83n g=C3=B3i ch=E1=BA=A1y v=E1=BB=81 = Avignon,=20 n=C6=A1i g=E1=BA=B7p g=E1=BB=A1, h=E1=BB=99i t=E1=BB=A5 cho = nhi=E1=BB=81u d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c, ng=C3=B4n ng=E1=BB=AF; =C4=91=C3=B3 = l=C3=A0 th=C3=A0nh ph=E1=BB=91 =C4=91=C3=A3 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = T=C3=B2a=20 th=C3=A1nh Roma mua l=E1=BA=A1i tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc =C4=91=C3=B3 144 = n=C4=83m. T=E1=BB=AB =C4=91=E1=BA=A5y Avignon l=C3=A0 =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t = c=E1=BB=A7a T=C3=B2a th=C3=A1nh; ch=E1=BB=89=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn n=C4=83m 1791, Avignon m=E1=BB=9Bi tr=E1=BB=9F = th=C3=A0nh =C4=91=E1=BA=A5t c=E1=BB=A7a Ph=C3=A1p ho=C3=A0n = to=C3=A0n

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Ddetailarticle&= amp;id=3D64&ia=3D1604

[4] Th=C3=A2n sinh=20 c=E1=BB=A7a Alexandre l=C3=A0 Bernardin II de Rhodes, m=E1=BB=99t quan = ch=E1=BB=A9c gi=C3=A0u c=C3=B3, mang t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bc v=E1=BB=8B=20 Ecuyer d=E2=80=99Avigon, k=E1=BA=BFt h=C3=B4n v=E1=BB=9Bi Francoise de = Raphaelis ng=C3=A0y 10-9-1590, anh =C3=B4ng l=C3=A0=20 Jean (1591-1621), ti=E1=BA=BFn s=C4=A9 lu=E1=BA=ADt h=E1=BB=8Dc; em trai = Georges (1597-1661) tu trong D=C3=B2ng=20 T=C3=AAn, nhi=E1=BB=81u n=C4=83m l=C3=A0m gi=C3=A1o s=C6=B0 th=E1=BA=A7n = h=E1=BB=8Dc; ngo=C3=A0i ra c=C3=B2n 5 em ru=E1=BB=99t n=E1=BB=AFa: = Gabrielle,=20 Laure, Suzanne, Francois, v=C3=A0 em =C3=BAt l=C3=A0 H=C3=A9l=C3=A8ne = sinh n=C4=83m 1607 http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Ddetailarticle&= amp;id=3D64&ia=3D1604

[5] Ng=C3=A0y = 4-4-1619 nh=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n=20 gi=C3=A1o l=C3=AAn t=C3=A0u t=E1=BB=AB th=E1=BB=A7 =C4=91=C3=B4 = B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o Nha, t=E1=BB=9Bi h=E1=BA=A3i c=E1=BA=A3ng Goa = 9-10-1619. V=C3=AC x=E1=BB=A9 Anh =C4=91=C3=A0o=20 =C4=91ang c=E1=BA=A5m =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o nghi=C3=AAm ng=E1=BA=B7t, = b=E1=BB=81 tr=C3=AAn D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =E1=BB=9F Goa t=E1=BA=A1m = gi=E1=BB=AF =C3=B4ng l=E1=BA=A1i h=C6=A1n 2 n=C4=83m tr=E1=BB=9Di,=20 m=C3=A3i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn 22-4-1622 Rhodes m=E1=BB=9Bi l=C3=AAn t=C3=A0u = t=E1=BB=AB Goa, t=E1=BB=9Bi Malacca 28-7-1622, nh=C6=B0ng r=E1=BB=93i=20 ph=E1=BA=A3i =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn ng=C3=A0y 29-5-1623 Rhodes m=E1=BB=9Bi = c=C3=B3 m=E1=BA=B7t t=E1=BA=A1i =C3=81o M=C3=B4n, ch=E1=BB=9D =C4=91i = Nh=E1=BA=ADt=20 B=E1=BA=A3n]

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Ddetailarticle&= amp;id=3D64&ia=3D1604

[6] (Theo = tr=C3=ADch d=E1=BB=8Bch c=E1=BB=A7a=20 Wilkipedia, nh=C6=B0ng kh=C3=B4ng n=C3=B3i r=C3=B5 xu=E1=BA=A5t = x=E1=BB=A9, c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 l=C3=A0 cu=E1=BB=91n Voyages et = missions du=20 P=C3=A8re Alexandre de Rhodes, de la Compagnie de J=C3=A9sus, en la = Chine et autres=20 royaumes de l'Orient. Paris, Lanier, 1854. 23 cm vii, 448 p. = paper.T=C3=A1c gi=E1=BA=A3=20 v=C3=B4 danh)

[7] Tham = kh=E1=BA=A3o b=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch=20 Wilkipedia nh=C6=B0 tr=C3=AAn

[8] C=C3=A1c = websites mang t=C3=AAn=20 Peter C. Phan tr=C3=AAn internet, hay Phan =C4=90=C3=ACnh Cho, = =C4=90=E1=BB=97 Quang Ch=C3=ADnh, Kim =C3=82n trong=20 website dunglac.org

[9] = Ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng 3: L=E1=BA=A6N=20 TH=E1=BB=A8 NH=E1=BA=A4T T=C3=94I =C4=90=C6=AF=E1=BB=A2C PH=C3=81I = T=E1=BB=9AI =C4=90=C3=80NG TRONG http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Dchapter&id= =3D85&ib=3D136&ict=3D319.

[10] T=E1=BB=95ng = c=E1=BB=99ng trong giai =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1n=20 1640-1645 c=C3=B3 b=E1=BB=91n l=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91i v=E1=BB=81 = gi=E1=BB=AFa =C3=81o M=C3=B4n-=C4=90=C3=A0ng Trong th=E1=BA=ADt l=C3=A0 = c=E1=BB=B1c kh=E1=BB=95; m=E1=BB=97i l=E1=BA=A7n t=E1=BA=A1m=20 r=C3=BAt lui kh=E1=BB=8Fi =C4=90=C3=A0ng Trong c=C5=A9ng c=C3=B3 = ngh=C4=A9a nh=C6=B0 b=E1=BB=8B ch=C3=ADnh quy=E1=BB=81n ho=C3=A0n = to=C3=A0n tr=E1=BB=A5c xu=E1=BA=A5t=20 kh=E1=BB=8Fi =C4=91=C3=A2y. Th=E1=BB=9Di gian nh=E1=BB=AFng l=E1=BA=A7n = =C4=91i v=E1=BB=81:

Th=C3=A1ng=20 2-1640 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn th=C3=A1ng 8-1640;

Th=C3=A1ng=20 12-1640 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn th=C3=A1ng 7-1641;

Th=C3=A1ng=20 1-1642 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn th=C3=A1ng 7-1643;

Th=C3=A1ng=20 1-1644 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn th=C3=A1ng 7-1645.

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Ddetailarticle&= amp;id=3D64&ia=3D1604

[11] = =C4=90=C3=A0ng Trong v=C3=A0 =C4=90=C3=A0ng Ngo=C3=A0i=20 th=E1=BB=9Di ph=C3=A2n tranh Tr=E1=BB=8Bnh Nguy=E1=BB=85n, = 1591-1772. 

[12] A. De=20 Rhodes, T=C6=AF=E1=BB=9CNG TR=C3=8CNH V=E1=BB=80 =C4=90=C3=80NG = NGO=C3=80I, =E1=BA=A5n h=C3=A0nh b=E1=BA=B1ng ti=E1=BA=BFng =C3=9D = n=C4=83m 1650, ti=E1=BA=BFng Ph=C3=A1p n=C4=83m=20 1651 v=C3=A0 ti=E1=BA=BFng Latinh n=C4=83m 1652. Quy=E1=BB=83n II. = CH=C6=AF=C6=A0NG 3. NH=E1=BB=AENG = NG=C6=AF=E1=BB=9CI =C4=90EM PH=C3=9AC =C3=82M T=E1=BB=9AI =C4=90=C3=80NG = NGO=C3=80I KH=E1=BB=9EI=20 H=C3=80NH V=C3=80 MAY M=E1=BA=AEN T=E1=BB=9AI = N=C6=A0I

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule3&v=3Dchapter&ib= =3D111&ict=3D434

[13] A. De=20 Rhodes, T=C6=AF=E1=BB=9CNG TR=C3=8CNH V=E1=BB=80 =C4=90=C3=80NG = NGO=C3=80I, =E1=BA=A5n h=C3=A0nh b=E1=BA=B1ng ti=E1=BA=BFng =C3=9D = n=C4=83m 1650, ti=E1=BA=BFng Ph=C3=A1p n=C4=83m=20 1651 v=C3=A0 ti=E1=BA=BFng Latinh n=C4=83m 1652. Quy=E1=BB=83n =C3=8Ci. = CH=C6=AF=C6=A0NG = 6

R=E1=BA=A4T =C4=90=C3=94NG = L=C6=AF=C6=A0NG D=C3=82N TU=E1=BB=90N =C4=90=E1=BA=BEN NGHE L=E1=BB=9CI = THI=C3=8AN=20 CH=C3=9AA TRONG NH=C3=80 TH=E1=BB=9C =C4=90=E1=BA=A6U TI=C3=8AN = C=E1=BB=A6A CH=C3=9ANG T=C3=94I =E1=BB=9E =C4=90=C3=80NG=20 NGO=C3=80I

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Dchapter&id= =3D85&ib=3D111&ict=3D435

[14] De Rhodes, = T=C6=AF=E1=BB=9CNG TR=C3=8CNH V=E1=BB=80=20 =C4=90=C3=80NG NGO=C3=80I, =E1=BA=A5n h=C3=A0nh b=E1=BA=B1ng = ti=E1=BA=BFng =C3=9D n=C4=83m 1650, ti=E1=BA=BFng Ph=C3=A1p n=C4=83m = 1651 v=C3=A0 ti=E1=BA=BFng Latinh=20 n=C4=83m 1652

Ph=E1=BA=A7n  II = .CH=C6=AF=C6=A0NG 16 PH=C6=AF=C6=A0NG PH=C3=81P CH=C3=9ANG=20 T=C3=94I D=C3=99NG =C4=90=E1=BB=82 D=E1=BA=A0Y GI=C3=81O = L=C3=9D.

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule3&v=3Dchapter&ib= =3D111&ict=3D437

[15] A. De=20 Rhodes, T=C6=AF=E1=BB=9CNG TR=C3=8CNH V=E1=BB=80 =C4=90=C3=80NG = NGO=C3=80I, =E1=BA=A5n h=C3=A0nh b=E1=BA=B1ng ti=E1=BA=BFng =C3=9D = n=C4=83m 1650, ti=E1=BA=BFng Ph=C3=A1p n=C4=83m=20 1651 v=C3=A0 ti=E1=BA=BFng Latinh n=C4=83m 1652. Ph=E1=BA=A7n=20 II. Ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng 51

NH=E1=BB=AENG =C4=90I=E1=BB=80U = CH=C3=9ANG T=C3=94I M=E1=BB=9AI NH=E1=BA=ACN =C4=90=C6=AF=E1=BB=A2C = V=E1=BB=80 GI=C3=81O=20 D=C3=82N =C4=90=C3=80NG NGO=C3=80I

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule3&v=3Dchapter&ib= =3D111&ict=3D443

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2ng_T%C3%AAn

[16] Tr=C3=AAn = website =C4=90=E1=BA=A1o Binh=20 =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c M=E1=BA=B9, m=E1=BB=9Bi =C4=91=C3=A2y TGM Ng=C3=B4 = quang Ki=E1=BB=87t n=C3=B3i r=C3=B5 v=E1=BB=81 h2inh =E1=BA=A3nh = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di t=C3=ADn h=E1=BB=AFu C=C3=B4ng=20 gi=C3=A1o ph=C3=A0i chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u th=E1=BA=BF n=C3=A0o, = nh=E1=BA=A5t l=C3=A0 trong m=E1=BB=97i M=C3=B9a Chay h=E1=BA=B1ng = n=C4=83m:=20

=E2=80=9C=C4=90=E1=BB=9Di = s=E1=BB=91ng t=C3=A2m linh l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t cu=E1=BB=99c = chi=E1=BA=BFn=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u. Chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u v=E1=BB=9Bi ba = th=C3=B9: ma qu=E1=BB=B7, x=C3=A1c th=E1=BB=8Bt, th=E1=BA=BF = gian. =C4=90=E1=BB=83 c=C3=B3 =C4=91=E1=BB=A7=20 kh=E1=BA=A3 n=C4=83ng chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u, ta ph=E1=BA=A3i = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c r=C3=A8n luy=E1=BB=87n, ph=E1=BA=A3i tr=E1=BA=A3i = qua nh=E1=BB=AFng th=E1=BB=AD th=C3=A1ch. =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c=20 Gi=C3=AAsu, sau khi ch=E1=BB=8Bu ph=C3=A9p r=E1=BB=ADa, = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c Th=C3=A1nh Th=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91=C6=B0a v=C3=A0o = hoang =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ch=E1=BB=8Bu th=E1=BB=AD=20 th=C3=A1ch.

Hoang=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=8Ba l=C3=A0 n=C6=A1i hoang vu kh=C3=B4ng nh=C3=A0 = kh=C3=B4ng c=E1=BB=ADa, kh=C3=B4ng ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di th=C3=A2n, = kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=A2y c=E1=BB=91i, t=E1=BB=A9c l=C3=A0=20 kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t ti=E1=BB=87n nghi t=E1=BB=91i = thi=E1=BB=83u n=C3=A0o, kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t ngu=E1=BB=93n = tr=E1=BB=A3 l=E1=BB=B1c n=C3=A0o. Ch=E1=BB=89 c=C3=B3 c=C3=A1t=20 =C4=91=C3=A1, th=C3=BA d=E1=BB=AF, ma qu=E1=BB=B7, t=E1=BB=A9c l=C3=A0 = ch=E1=BB=89 c=C3=B3 nh=E1=BB=AFng kh=C3=B3 kh=C4=83n th=C3=A1ch = =C4=91=E1=BB=91 b=E1=BA=AFt ta ph=E1=BA=A3i chi=E1=BA=BFn = =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u,=20 ph=E1=BA=A3i =C4=91=C6=B0=C6=A1ng =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u.

Cu=E1=BB=99c=20 chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u th=E1=BB=A9 nh=E1=BA=A5t m=C3=A0 = =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c Gi=C3=AAsu ph=E1=BA=A3i tr=E1=BA=A3i qua l=C3=A0 = cu=E1=BB=99c chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u v=E1=BB=9Bi thi=C3=AAn=20 nhi=C3=AAn=E2=80=A6. Cu=E1=BB=99c chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u = th=E1=BB=A9 hai m=C3=A0 =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c Gi=C3=AAsu ph=E1=BA=A3i = tr=E1=BA=A3i qua l=C3=A0 cu=E1=BB=99c chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u=20 ch=E1=BB=91ng l=E1=BA=A1i ma qu=E1=BB=B7=E2=80=A6.  Cu=E1=BB=99c = chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u th=E1=BB=A9 ba m=C3=A0 =C4=90=E1=BB=A9c = Gi=C3=AAsu =C4=91=C3=A3 tr=E1=BA=A3i qua l=C3=A0 cu=E1=BB=99c=20 chi=E1=BA=BFn =C4=91=E1=BA=A5u t=E1=BB=AB b=E1=BB=8F =C3=BD ri=C3=AAng = =C4=91=E1=BB=83 t=C3=ACm th=C3=A1nh =C3=BD Ch=C3=BAa = Cha=E2=80=A6.=E2=80=9D

http://www.daobinhducme.net/home/view.aspx?idx=3D22588fe0-8620-46d7= -85f4-7478b3b3f8f4&ag=3Dsncsloichua

[17]=20 http://www.dongcong.net/DoiSongKH/CamNangCG/16.htm

[18] H=C3=A0nh Tr=C3=ACnh=20 v=C3=A0 Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o Ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng 51: SAU KHI=20 T=C3=94I V=E1=BB=80 MACAO, CH=C3=8DN B=E1=BA=A0N =C4=90=E1=BB=92NG = S=E1=BB=B0 L=C3=80M CH=E1=BB=A8NG V=C3=8C=20 =C4=90=E1=BA=A0O,

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule3&v=3Dchapter&ib= =3D136&ict=3D325

[19] Trong = cu=E1=BB=91n s=C3=A1ch Divers=20 voyages et missions (C=C3=A1c cu=E1=BB=99c h=C3=A0nh tr=C3=ACnh = v=C3=A0 truy=E1=BB=81n gi=C3=A1o) c=E1=BB=A7a linh m=E1=BB=A5c=20 Alexandre de Rhodes do Cramoisy xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n t=E1=BA=A1i = Paris n=C4=83m 1653 =E1=BB=9F =C4=91o=E1=BA=A1n cu=E1=BB=91i = ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng=20 19 c=E1=BB=A7a ph=E1=BA=A7n th=E1=BB=A9 ba c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t c=C3=A2u = vi=E1=BA=BFt nguy=C3=AAn v=C4=83n nh=C6=B0 = th=E1=BA=BF

[20] = Ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng 19: H=C3=80NH=20 TR=C3=8CNH B=E1=BA=A4T =C4=90=E1=BA=AEC D=C4=A8 =C4=90I PHI LU=E1=BA=ACT = T=C3=82N V=C3=80 M=E1=BA=A4Y S=E1=BA=AEC TH=C3=81I RI=C3=8ANG =E1=BB=9E = QU=E1=BA=A6N =C4=90=E1=BA=A2O=20 N=C3=80Y 

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule3&v=3Dchapter&ib= =3D136&ict=3D321 =E2=80=9C

[21] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France=

[22]=20 asia.msu.edu/seasia/Vietnam/History/FrenchColonization.html=

[23] H=C3=A0nh Tr=C3=ACnh=20 v=C3=A0 Truy=E1=BB=81n Gi=C3=A1o, S=C4=91d., Ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng 3: L=E1=BA=A6N=20 TH=E1=BB=A8 NH=E1=BA=A4T T=C3=94I =C4=90=C6=AF=E1=BB=A2C PH=C3=81I = T=E1=BB=9AI =C4=90=C3=80NG TRONG)

http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule3&v=3D=20 Ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng 13: L=E1=BA=A6N TH=E1=BB=A8 HAI T=C3=94I = =C4=90=C6=AF=E1=BB=A2C PH=C3=81I T=E1=BB=9AI =C4=90=C3=80NG=20 TRONG chapter&ib=3D136&ict=3D320

[24]  Cao Huy = Thu=E1=BA=A7n k=C3=ADnh=20 g=E1=BB=9Fi Ban Bi=C3=AAn t=E1=BA=ADp talawas ng=C3=A0y = 3.6.2006

http://www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=3D7319&rb=3D12

[25] Nh=C3=A2n = v=E1=BA=ADt Huy=E1=BB=81n Tho=E1=BA=A1i=20 Alberto Rivera

Alberto Magno Romero Rivera  = sinh n=C4=83m=20 1935 t=E1=BA=A1i Las Palmas, Qu=E1=BA=A7n =C4=90=E1=BA=A3o Canary, T=C3=A2y=20 Ban Nha v=C3=A0 qua =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di ng=C3=A0y June 20, 1997 t=E1=BA=A1i = Broken Arrow, Tulsa, Oklahoma Hoa K=E1=BB=B3.=20 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Rivera

[26] Xin xem trang = =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u l=C3=A0m=20 google research T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4 B=C3=AD = L=E1=BB=A5c:

talawas | = Nguy=E1=BB=85n Ng=E1=BB=8Dc Lan -=20 T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia = T=C3=B4 b=C3=AD=20 l=E1=BB=A5c

 - 2 visits -=20 10/28/08 - [ Translate this page = ] 

C=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 n=C3=B3i r=E1=BA=B1ng = l=C3=A0 t=E1=BB=AB trang =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn trang = cu=E1=BB=91i cu=E1=BB=91n=20 T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4 b=C3=AD l=E1=BB=A5c = =C4=91=E1=BB=81u b=E1=BA=AFt bu=E1=BB=99c ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta = ph=E1=BA=A3i ngh=C4=A9 nh=C6=B0 v=E1=BA=ADy. T=C3=B4i=20 ch=E1=BB=89 xin ghi ra =C4=91=C3=A2y m=E1=BB=99t v=C3=A0i nh=E1=BA=ADn = x=C3=A9t ...
www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=3D10317&rb=3D0303=20 - 32k - Cached - Similar pages = -

talawas | = T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4=20 b=C3=AD l=E1=BB=A5c - Ghi ch=C3=A9p nh=E1=BB=AFng chuy=E1=BB=87n = k=C3=ADn c=E1=BB=A7a ...

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22 Th=C3=A1ng S=C3=A1u 2007 ... = =C4=90=C6=B0a T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4 b=C3=AD=20 l=E1=BB=A5c l=C3=AAn m=E1=BA=A1ng l=E1=BA=A7n n=C3=A0y, ch=C3=BAng = t=C3=B4i tin t=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng =E1=BB=9F s=E1=BB=B1 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng = th=C3=A0nh trong ki=E1=BA=BFn=20 th=E1=BB=A9c, nh=E1=BA=ADn th=E1=BB=A9c v=C3=A0 v=C4=83n ho=C3=A1 tranh = lu=E1=BA=ADn c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=91=E1=BB=99c ...
www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=3D10257&rb=3D08=20 - 90k - Cached - Similar pages -
More results from=20 www.talawas.org =C2=BB

T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia = T=C3=B4 b=C3=AD l=E1=BB=A5c, m=E1=BB=99t t=C3=A0i = li=E1=BB=87u l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD? - Di=E1=BB=85n =C4=91=C3=A0n=20 X-Cafe

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5=20 posts - Last post: Jul 6, 2007

C=C3=A1i ch=E1=BB=97 qu=C3=AD b=C3=A1u = c=E1=BB=A7a cu=E1=BB=91n s=C3=A1ch T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia = T=C3=B4 b=C3=AD=20 l=E1=BB=A5c l=C3=A0 =E1=BB=9F ch=E1=BB=97 n=C3=A0y! ..... = Cu=E1=BB=91n T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4 b=C3=AD = l=E1=BB=A5c t=E1=BB=B1 n=C3=B3=20 kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 g=C3=AC =C4=91=C3=A1ng quan t=C3=A2m b=C3=A0n = ...
www.x-cafevn.org/forum/showthread.php?t=3D6961 - 135k -=20 Cached - Similar pages = -

Doi Thoai Voi Mot Phat=20 Tu

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Quy=E1=BB=83n T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia = T=C3=B4 B=C3=AD l=E1=BB=A5c vi=E1=BA=BFt ra trong=20 th=E1=BB=9Di n=C3=A0o? Vi=E1=BA=BFt =E1=BB=9F =C4=91=C3=A2u? ... = C=C3=A1ch =C4=91=C3=A2y 16 n=C4=83m, khi =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc T=C3=A2y = D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4=20 B=C3=AD L=E1=BB=A5c, t=C3=B4i r=E1=BA=A5t l=E1=BA=A5y l=C3=A0m = h=E1=BB=97 th=E1=BA=B9n cho s=E1=BB=B1 hi=E1=BB=83u ...
www.nguoitinhuu.com/kienthuc/ho-giao/nghuenhat/doithoai/ch= uong46.html=20 - 21k - Cached - Similar pages = -

Yahoo! 360=C2=B0 - = Love Viet Nam's=20 Blog - V=E1=BB=81 b=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng = Gia T=C3=B4 ...

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V=E1=BB=81 b=E1=BA=A3n d=E1=BB=8Bch = T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4 b=C3=AD l=E1=BB=A5c. = Cu=E1=BB=91n=20 T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4 b=C3=AD = l=E1=BB=A5c t=E1=BB=B1 n=C3=B3 kh=C3=B4ng c=C3=B3 g=C3=AC =C4=91=C3=A1ng = quan t=C3=A2m b=C3=A0n=20 c=C3=A3i. V=C3=AC cu=E1=BB=91n s=C3=A1ch qu=C3=A1 ng=C3=A2y ng=C3=B4 = kh=C3=B4ng th=E1=BB=83 =C4=91=C3=A1nh l=E1=BB=ABa =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = ...
blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-_onDro4lc6dykgXLZCJ_sRftuRMMQaGd?p=3D154 = - 110k - Cached - Similar pages = -

T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng B=C3=AD = L=E1=BB=A5c 8

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T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng B=C3=AD = L=E1=BB=A5c. Ghi ch=C3=A9p = nh=E1=BB=AFng chuy=E1=BB=87n k=C3=ADn=20 c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o Gia T=C3=B4 T=C3=A2y = D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng. c=C3=B9ng so=E1=BA=A1n:. Ph=E1=BA=A1m Ng=E1=BB=99 = Hi=C3=AAn, Nguy=E1=BB=85n Ho=C3=A0=20 =C4=90=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng, Nguy=E1=BB=85n B=C3=A1 Am v=C3=A0 = Tr=E1=BA=A7n =C4=90=C3=ACnh Hi=C3=AAn ...
www.sachhiem.net/TONGIAO/TayDuongBiLuc10.php= =20 - 79k - Cached - Similar pages = -

T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia = t=C3=B4 b=C3=AD l=E1=BB=A5c - L=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD = V=C4=83n ho=C3=A1 -=20 TTVNOL.com

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10=20 posts - Last post: Sep 4, 2008

N=C3=B3i chung c=C3=A1c t=C3=A1c = gi=E1=BA=A3 T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4 b=C3=AD = l=E1=BB=A5c=20 =C4=91=C3=A3 tr=C3=ACnh b=C3=A0y =C3=BD ki=E1=BA=BFn c=E1=BB=A7a = m=C3=ACnh b=E1=BA=B1ng nh=E1=BB=AFng l=E1=BA=ADp lu=E1=BA=ADn duy = l=C3=BD, d=C3=B9ng l=C3=B4gic c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di s=E1=BB=91ng=20 hi=E1=BB=87n th=E1=BB=B1c =C4=91=E1=BB=83 ...
www10.ttvnol.com/forum/f_533/1088873.ttvn - = 143k -=20 Cached - Similar pages = -

VI=E1=BB=86N X=C3=83 H=E1=BB=98I = H=E1=BB=8CC - Th=C6=B0 vi=E1=BB=87n=20 s=C3=A1ch

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T=C3=AAn s=C3=A1ch: T=C3=A2y = D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4 B=C3=AD l=E1=BB=A5c (ghi ch=C3=A9p=20 nh=E1=BB=AFng chuy=E1=BB=87n k=C3=ADn c=E1=BB=A7a =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o = Gia T=C3=B4 T=C3=A2y Ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng). T=C3=AAn s=C3=A1ch = d=E1=BB=8Bch ra:. T=C3=A1c=20 gi=E1=BA=A3:. M=C3=A3 s=E1=BB=91: Vb 1146 ...
www.ios.ac.vn/index.php?option=3Dcom_booklibrary&task=3Dview&= amp;catid=3D439&id=3D5783&Itemid=3D84=20 - 32k - Cached - Similar pages = -

VVH - Forum :: = N=C3=B4m :: Tay=20 Duong Gia To bi luc

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4=20 posts

Ch=C3=A0o qu=C3=BD v=E1=BB=8B, t=C3=B4i = bi=E1=BA=BFt c=C3=B3 m=E1=BB=99t t=C3=A0i li=E1=BB=87u t=C3=AAn l=C3=A0 = T=C3=A2y=20 d=C6=B0=C6=A1ng gia t=C3=B4 b=C3=AD l=E1=BB=A5c, nh=C6=B0ng = kh=C3=B4ng bi=E1=BA=BFt =C4=91=C3=B3 l=C3=A0 t=C3=A0i li=E1=BB=87u = n=C3=B4m hay h=C3=A1n. T=C3=B4i =C4=91ang=20 =C4=91i t=C3=ACm hi=E1=BB=83u l=E1=BB=8Bch s=E1=BB=AD =C4=91=E1=BA=A1o = Thi=C3=AAn ...
www.viethoc.org/phorum/read.php?11,28592 - = 19k -=20 Cached - Similar pages = -

Dung = lac

 - [ Translate this page = ] 

V=E1=BB=81 ph=C6=B0=C6=A1ng di=E1=BB=87n = n=C3=A0y, quy=E1=BB=83n T=C3=A2y D=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Gia T=C3=B4 B=C3=AD = L=E1=BB=A5c, d=E1=BB=8Bch t=E1=BB=AB m=E1=BB=99t t=E1=BA=ADp = s=C3=A1ch ch=C3=A9p tay n=C3=B3i l=C3=A0 do b=E1=BB=91n = gi=C3=A1o s=C4=A9 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam=20 s=E1=BB=91ng v=C3=A0o cu=E1=BB=91i th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XVIII - = =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XV ...
www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dhome&v=3Ddetail&ia=3D2062=20 - 46k - Cached - Similar pages=20 -

[27]=20 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Arthur_Noble

=

[28] = Catholicisme: Le=20 serment secret des J=C3=A9suites.
On sait que les J=C3=A9suites = forment l'une des=20 arm=C3=A9es secr=C3=A8tes du Pape. Leur devise est bien connue : "La fin = justifie les=20 moyens," toujours "pour la plus grande gloire de Dieu" ! Voici le texte = complet=20 du serment secret que doivent prononcer les J=C3=A9suites de haut = rang.
Ce serment=20 a =C3=A9t=C3=A9 inscrit dans le "United States Congressional Record" = (Journal Officiel=20 du Congr=C3=A8s Am=C3=A9ricain), Archives du 62e Congr=C3=A8s (House = Calendar # 397, Report #=20 1523 du 15 f=C3=A9vrier 1913, pages 3215-3216. Ce serment a = =C3=A9galement =C3=A9t=C3=A9 cit=C3=A9=20 par Charles Didier dans son ouvrage "Subterranean Rome" (La Rome = souterraine),=20 =C3=A9dit=C3=A9 =C3=A0 New York en 1843, traduit de l'original = Fran=C3=A7ais.

Le Dr=20 Alberto Rivera, ancien J=C3=A9suite lui-m=C3=AAme, qui s'=C3=A9tait = =C3=A9chapp=C3=A9 de l'Ordre des=20 J=C3=A9suites en 1967, a pu confirmer que le texte du serment qu'il = avait d=C3=BB=20 prononcer =C3=A9tait exactement le m=C3=AAme que celui que nous = reproduisons=20 ici.

http://www.voxdei.org/afficher_info.php?id=3D14257.104            =

[29]=20 http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/j.htm

[30]=20 www.biblebasedministries.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/isthereasecret<= B>jesuitoath_onlinepamphlet.doc

[31] Jesuits=20 deny existence of any violent oath

http://www.asiantribune.com/oldsite/show_news.php?id=3D1816<= /FONT>

Date:=20 2003-01-04  By = Aditi=20 Khanna New Delhi, Jan. = 3.=20

The=20 Asian Age

 

 

[32] V=C4=83n = b=E1=BA=A3n =E2=80=9CL=E1=BB=9Bi Th=E1=BA=BF D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn=20 (The Jesuit Oath)=E2=80=9D  =C4=91=C3=A3 do LM Hudon thu=E1=BB=99c = Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng College of St Mary =C4=91=C3=A3 xem=20 v=C3=A0 t=E1=BB=AB ch=E1=BB=91i nh=E1=BB=AFng l=E1=BB=9Di g=C3=A1n = gh=C3=A9p n=C3=A0y v=C3=A0 n=C3=B3i r=E1=BA=B1ng nh=E1=BB=AFng x=C3=A1o = tr=E1=BB=99n t=E1=BA=A1i Ontario =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3=20 c=C6=A1 s=E1=BB=9F ho=C3=A0n to=C3=A0n ch=C3=ADnh tr=E1=BB=8B, = =C4=91=C4=83ng tr=C3=AAn The New York Times , xu=E1=BA=A5t = b=E1=BA=A3n ng=C3=A0y=20 6/3/1889. Copyright  =C2=A9 The New York Times. Ch=C3=BAng = t=C3=B4i kh=C3=B4ng tr=C6=B0ng d=E1=BA=ABn=20 nguy=C3=AAn v=C4=83n L=E1=BB=9Di Th=E1=BA=BF =E1=BA=A5y b=E1=BA=B1ng = ti=E1=BA=BFng Anh, v=C3=AC b=E1=BA=A3n v=C4=83n =E1=BA=A5y d=C3=A0i = qu=C3=A1 trong khu=C3=B4n kh=E1=BB=95 m=E1=BB=99t=20 ch=C3=BA th=C3=ADch ki=E1=BB=83u footnotes

[33]=20 http://www.dongten.net/

[34] Xin tham = kh=E1=BA=A3o th=C3=AAm l=E1=BB=8Bch=20 s=E1=BB=AD D=C3=B2ng T=C3=AAn =E1=BB=9F Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam sau = 1954.

http://www.dongten.net/#

[35] Tr=C3=ADch = theo=20 Wikipedia

[36] V=C4=83n = h=E1=BB=8Dc ch=E1=BB=AF n=C3=B4m v=C3=A0 H=C3=A0n=20 Thuy=C3=AAn (1282)

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n_Thuy%C3%AAn=20 http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Di_Tr%E1%= BA%A7n

[37] = Han-gul =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c s=C3=A1nh=20 l=E1=BA=ADp d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi th=E1=BB=9Di Vua Sejong trong = tri=E1=BB=81u =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i Chosun (1393*1910). N=C4=83m 1446, = h=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng=20 m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 Tri=E1=BB=81u Ti=C3=AAn =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u = ti=C3=AAn =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c c=C3=B4ng b=E1=BB=91 d=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Bi = t=C3=AAn nguy=C3=AAn th=E1=BB=A7y l=C3=A0 Hunmin chong-um,=20 c=C3=B3 ngh=C4=A9a =C4=91en l=C3=A0 =E2=80=9Cc=C3=A1c =C3=A2m = =C4=91=C3=BAng =C4=91=E1=BB=83 d=E1=BA=A1y d=C3=A2n ch=C3=BAng=E2=80=9D = korean alphabet hangul http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Pagoda/1876/hangul.htm

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/korean.htm

[38] V=C4=83n = h=E1=BB=8Dc Nh=E1=BA=ADt B=E1=BA=A3n =C4=91=E1=BA=A1t =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn=20 =C4=91i=E1=BB=83m cao trong th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 11 v=E1=BB=9Bi = Truy=E1=BB=87n k=E1=BB=83 Genji (Genji Monotagari) do b=C3=A0=20 Murakasi Shikibu. Nhi=E1=BB=81u t=C3=A1c ph=E1=BA=A9m v=C4=83n = ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng Nh=E1=BA=ADt kh=C3=A1c c=C5=A9ng do c=C3=A1c n=E1=BB=AF = v=C4=83n s=C4=A9 vi=E1=BA=BFt=20

Ti=E1=BA=BFng Nh=E1=BA=ADt hi=E1=BB=87n = =C4=91=E1=BA=A1i =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c vi=E1=BA=BFt b=E1=BA=AFng = c=C3=A1ch ph=E1=BB=91i h=E1=BB=A3p c=C3=A1c=20 h=C3=ACnh th=E1=BB=A9c Hiragana, Katagana, v=C3=A0 = Kanji. Nhi=E1=BB=81u v=C4=83n b=E1=BA=A3n ti=E1=BA=BFng=20 Nh=E1=BA=ADt c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 c=C5=A9ng g=E1=BB=93m c=C3=B3 h=C3=ACnh = th=E1=BB=A9c Romaji (ch=E1=BB=AF Roma), chu=E1=BA=A9n m=E1=BB=B1c = vi=E1=BA=BFt ti=E1=BA=BFng Nh=E1=BA=ADt=20 b=E1=BA=B1ng m=E1=BA=ABu t=E1=BB=B1 Latinh , Eimoji (v=C4=83n = t=E1=BB=B1 Anh) , c=C3=A1c t=E1=BB=AB kh=C3=B4ng ph=E1=BA=A3i Anh = ng=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt=20 b=E1=BA=B1ng v=C4=83n t=E1=BB=B1 ri=C3=AAng v=C3=A0 c=C3=B3 = nhi=E1=BB=81u bi=E1=BB=83u t=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3ng kh=C3=A1c = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta bi=E1=BA=BFt = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn l=C3=A0=20 Kigo. =

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese.htm

[39] Theo =C3=BD = ki=E1=BA=BFn c=E1=BB=A7a=20 Wikipedia, =E2=80=9CTheo=20 truy=E1=BB=81n thuy=E1=BA=BFt v=C3=A0 d=C3=A3 s=E1=BB=AD, t=E1=BB=AB = th=E1=BB=9Di xa x=C6=B0a ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t c=E1=BB=95 = =C4=91=C3=A3 c=C3=B3 ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt ri=C3=AAng. S=E1=BB=AD=20 s=C3=A1ch Trung Qu=E1=BB=91c =C4=91=C3=A3 m=C3=B4 t=E1=BA=A3 h=C3=ACnh = d=E1=BA=A1ng th=E1=BB=A9 ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt n=C3=A0y tr=C3=B4ng = nh=C6=B0 "=C4=91=C3=A0n n=C3=B2ng n=E1=BB=8Dc =C4=91ang=20 b=C6=A1i".

V=E1=BB=9Bi tr=C3=ACnh = =C4=91=E1=BB=99 ph=C3=A1t tri=E1=BB=83n c=E1=BB=A7a qu=E1=BB=91c gia = V=C4=83n=20 Lang-=C3=82u L=E1=BA=A1c, vi=E1=BB=87c ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di Vi=E1=BB=87t = c=E1=BB=95 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BB=83 s=E1=BB=AD d=E1=BB=A5ng m=E1=BB=99t = h=E1=BB=87 th=E1=BB=91ng ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt ri=C3=AAng trong=20 l=C4=A9nh v=E1=BB=B1c qu=E1=BA=A3n l=C3=AD, =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u h=C3=A0nh = x=C3=A3 h=E1=BB=99i l=C3=A0 m=E1=BB=99t =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u h=E1=BB=A3p = l=C3=AD. (trang 38, Ng=E1=BB=AF v=C4=83n 10,=20 t=E1=BA=ADp II, NXB Gi=C3=A1o d=E1=BB=A5c, 2006)

G=E1=BA=A7n =C4=91=C3=A2y = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di ta =C4=91=C3=A3 t=C3=ACm =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c = nhi=E1=BB=81u b=E1=BA=B1ng=20 ch=E1=BB=A9ng ch=E1=BB=A9ng t=E1=BB=8F ch=E1=BB=AF khoa =C4=91=E1=BA=A9u = l=C3=A0 c=C3=B3 th=E1=BA=ADt, th=E1=BA=ADm ch=C3=AD nhi=E1=BB=81u = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di c=C3=B2n cho r=E1=BA=B1ng ch=E1=BB=AF=20 qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF ng=C3=A0y nay l=C3=A0 La-tinh h=C3=B3a = ch=E1=BB=AF khoa =C4=91=E1=BA=A9u nh=C6=B0ng =C4=91i=E1=BB=81u n=C3=A0y = ch=C6=B0a =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c ki=E1=BB=83m=20 nghi=E1=BB=87m ch=E1=BA=AFc ch=E1=BA=AFn=E2=80=9D.

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_c%C3%A1c_lo%E1= %BA%A1i_ch%E1%BB%AF_vi%E1%BA%BFt_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam=20

Nh=C6=B0ng b=E1=BA=A3n th=C3=A2n = t=C3=B4i =C4=91=C3=A3 g=E1=BA=B7p c=E1=BB=A5 Tr=E1=BB=8Bnh Tr=E1=BB=8Dng = N=E1=BB=99i, m=E1=BB=99t nh=C3=A2n s=C4=A9 B=E1=BA=AFc H=C3=A0 di = c=C6=B0 v=C3=A0o Nam Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam kho=E1=BA=A3ng n=C4=83m 1979. = L=C3=BAc =C4=91=C3=B3 gia =C4=91=C3=ACnh=20 c=E1=BB=A5 c=C6=B0 ng=E1=BB=A5 t=E1=BA=A1i m=E1=BB=99t c=C4=83n nh=C3=A0 = =E1=BB=9F khu Ng=C3=A3 Ba =C3=94ng T=E1=BA=A1, Gia =C4=90=E1=BB=8Bnh. = C=E1=BB=A5 cho t=C3=B4i xem m=E1=BB=99t b=E1=BB=99=20 s=C3=A1ch c=E1=BB=95 b=E1=BA=B1ng th=E1=BB=A9 ch=E1=BB=AF khoa = =C4=91=E1=BA=A9u m=C3=A0 t=C3=B4i kh=C3=B4ng =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc = =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c. C=E1=BB=A5 cho bi=E1=BA=BFt =C4=91=E1=BA=A5y = l=C3=A0 th=E1=BB=A9 ch=E1=BB=AF=20 b=C3=AD truy=E1=BB=81n trong gi=C3=B2ng h=E1=BB=8D c=C3=B3 t=E1=BB=AB = =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di Tr=E1=BB=8Bnh Tr=C3=A1ng (1577-1657), m=E1=BB=A5c = =C4=91=C3=ADch l=C3=A0 b=E1=BA=A3o v=E1=BB=87=20 n=E1=BB=81n v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a c=E1=BB=95 truy=E1=BB=81n Vi=E1=BB=87t = Nam, =C4=91=E1=BB=99c l=E1=BA=ADp v=E1=BB=9Bi ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di = T=C3=A0u, m=C3=A0 ch=C3=ADnh ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di T=C3=A0u kh=C3=B4ng=20 =C4=91=E1=BB=8Dc =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c. C=E1=BB=A5 l=C3=BAc = =C4=91=C3=B3 84 tu=E1=BB=95, t=E1=BB=ABng c=C3=B3 n=C4=83m = =C4=91=E1=BB=9Di v=E1=BB=A3,  m=C3=A0 c=C3=B2n c=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng = tr=C3=A1ng kh=E1=BB=8Fe=20 m=E1=BA=A1nh, da9ng s=E1=BB=91ng v=E1=BB=9Bi ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di v=C6=A1 = cu=E1=BB=91i c=C3=B9ng v=C3=A0 c=C3=B3 =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn hai = m=C6=B0=C6=A1i ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di con. V=E1=BB=81 sau t=C3=B4i=20 =C4=91=C6=B0=E1=BB=A3c bi=E1=BA=BFt c=E1=BB=A5 =C4=91=C3=A3 di c=C6=B0 = sang =C3=9Ac theo b=E1=BA=A3o l=C3=A3nh c=E1=BB=A7a m=E1=BB=99t = ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di con g=C3=A1iva lien l=E1=BA=A1c c=E1=BB=A7a=20 ch=C3=BAng t=C3=B4i ch=E1=BA=A5m d=E1=BB=A9t t=E1=BB=AB = =C4=91=C3=B3.

[40] = (H=C3=80NH TR=C3=8CNH V=C3=80=20 TRUY=E1=BB=80N GI=C3=81O ALEXANDRE DE RHODES. Ch=C6=B0=C6=A1ng 3: = L=E1=BA=A6N TH=E1=BB=A8 NH=E1=BA=A4T T=C3=94I =C4=90=C6=AF=E1=BB=A2C = PH=C3=81I T=E1=BB=9AI =C4=90=C3=80NG=20 TRONG . http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=3Dmodule2&v=3Dchapter&id= =3D85&ib=3D136&ict=3D319=20 )

[41] BBC Vietnamese | | Gi=C3=A1o = s=C4=A9 B=E1=BB=93 =C4=90=C3=A0o=20 Nha v=C3=A0 ch=E1=BB=AF Qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF

 - [ Translate this page = ] 

C=C3=A1c v=E1=BB=8B th=E1=BB=ABa sai Paris v=C3=A0 c=C3=A1c v=E1=BB=8B gi=C3=A1m = qu=E1=BA=A3n t=C3=B4ng to=C3=A0 do T=C3=B2a Th=C3=A1nh g=E1=BB=ADi = =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn=20 Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam t=E1=BB=AB n=C4=83m ... C=C3=A1c = b=E1=BA=A3n ch=C3=A9p tay =E1=BB=9F Roma, v=C4=83n = kh=E1=BB=91 Propaganda Fide, kho=20 Informazioni; ... T=C3=A1c ph=E1=BA=A9m ch=C3=ADnh c=E1=BB=A7a = Pierre Huard v=C3=A0 Maurice Durand, "Connaissance du ... = g=C3=B3p =C3=BD v=E1=BB=9Bi=20 Roland Jacques v=E1=BB=81 "C=C3=B4ng tr=C3=ACnh = nghi=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A9u ti=E1=BA=BFng Vi=E1=BB=87t c=E1=BB=A7a=20 m=E1=BA=A5y ng=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Di B=E1=BB=93 ...
www.bbc.co.uk/vietnamese/specials/1232_jacques_roland/page5.shtml=20 - 25k - Cached - Similar pages = -

[42] Trong = k=E1=BB=B7 ni=E1=BB=87m 70 nam=20 th=C3=A0nh l=E1=BA=ADp H=E1=BB=99i Truy=E1=BB=81n B=C3=A1 Qu=E1=BB=91c = Ng=E1=BB=AF  (25/51938- 25/5/2008) ch=C3=ADnh quy=E1=BB=81n = C=E1=BB=99ng=20 s=E1=BA=A3n Vi=E1=BB=87t Nam, qua l=E1=BB=9Di ph=C3=A1t bi=E1=BB=83u = c=E1=BB=A7a B=E1=BB=99 Tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Dng B=E1=BB=99 Gi=C3=A1o = D=E1=BB=A5c v=C3=A0 =C4=90=C3=A0o=20 T=E1=BA=A1o:

=E2=80=9CT=E1=BB=AB=20 =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7 XX, ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c = ng=E1=BB=AF =C4=91=C3=A3 tr=E1=BB=9F th=C3=A0nh ch=E1=BB=AF vi=E1=BA=BFt = ch=C3=ADnh th=E1=BB=91ng c=E1=BB=A7a qu=E1=BB=91c gia Vi=E1=BB=87t=20 Nam. Tuy nhi=C3=AAn, qu=C3=A1 tr=C3=ACnh ho=C3=A0n thi=E1=BB=87n = ch=E1=BB=AF qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF c=C3=B3 c=C3=B4ng lao to = l=E1=BB=9Bn c=E1=BB=A7a l=E1=BB=9Bp tr=C3=AD=20 th=E1=BB=A9c =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u th=E1=BA=BF k=E1=BB=B7, nh=C6=B0 c=C3=A1c = h=E1=BB=8Dc gi=E1=BA=A3 Hu=E1=BB=B3nh T=E1=BB=8Bnh C=E1=BB=A7a, = Nguy=E1=BB=85n V=C4=83n V=C4=A9nh, Phan K=E1=BA=BF B=C3=ADnh,=20 Nguy=E1=BB=85n =C4=90=E1=BB=97 M=E1=BB=A5c, L=C6=B0=C6=A1ng V=C4=83n = Can, Nguy=E1=BB=85n Quy=E1=BB=81n... v=C3=A0 =C4=91=E1=BA=B7c = bi=E1=BB=87t l=C3=A0 Nguy=E1=BB=85n V=C4=83n T=E1=BB=91 - H=E1=BB=99i=20 tr=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng =C4=91=E1=BA=A7u ti=C3=AAn c=E1=BB=A7a = H=E1=BB=99i Truy=E1=BB=81n B=C3=A1 Qu=E1=BB=91c Ng=E1=BB=AF. = B=C3=AAn c=E1=BA=A1nh =C4=91=C3=B3, c=C3=B2n c=C3=B3 s=E1=BB=B1 = =C4=91=C3=B3ng=20 g=C3=B3p c=E1=BB=A7a c=C3=A1c nh=C3=A0 b=C3=A1o, nh=C3=A0 d=E1=BB=8Bch = thu=E1=BA=ADt, nh=C3=A0 xu=E1=BA=A5t b=E1=BA=A3n... Ch=E1=BB=AF = qu=E1=BB=91c ng=E1=BB=AF =C4=91=C3=A3 ph=C3=A1t huy=20 gi=C3=A1 tr=E1=BB=8B t=E1=BB=9Bi m=E1=BB=8Di l=C4=A9nh v=E1=BB=B1c khoa = h=E1=BB=8Dc, gi=C3=A1o d=E1=BB=A5c, v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a, y t=E1=BA=BF... = v=C3=A0 c=C3=B3 =E1=BA=A3nh h=C6=B0=E1=BB=9Fng=20 l=E1=BB=9Bn =C4=91=E1=BA=BFn di=E1=BB=87n m=E1=BA=A1o v=C4=83n h=C3=B3a = c=E1=BB=A7a d=C3=A2n t=E1=BB=99c.=E2=80=9D

(H=C3=A0 N=E1=BB=99i m=E1=BB=9Bi: K=E1=BB=B7 = Ni=E1=BB=87m 70 n=C4=83m ng=C3=A0y th=C3=A0nh l=E1=BA=ADp H=E1=BB=99i = Truy=E1=BB=81n B=C3=A1=20 Qu=C3=B4c Ng=E1=BB=AF , ng=C3=A0y 26/5/2008) http://www.hanoimoi.com.vn/vn/53/169087/

 

Oakland, CA 25/2/2009.4 Ash = Wesnesday -=20 Ti=E1=BA=BFp t=E1=BB=A5c hi=E1=BB=87u ch=C3=ADnh b=E1=BB=95 sung = cu=E1=BB=91i c=C3=B9ng, ng=C3=A0y 13/3/2009.6. =C4=90=E1=BB=97 = H=E1=BB=AFu=20 Nghi=C3=AAm

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